HNCO-based synthesis of formamide in planetary atmospheres

Ferus, Martin; Laitl, Vojtěch; Knížek, Antonín; Kubelík, Petr; Kára, Jan; Šponer, Judit E.; Leflóch, B.; Cassone, Giuseppe; Civiš, Svatopluk

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833003

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Although limited to a particular reactive system, the ubiquity of collisions driven by turbulent motions does indicate that there are astronomical consequences from this idea. One important point is that systems as the one we consider in this work may be the subject of laboratory validation (see e.g., Ferus et al 2018 Figure 4. Glycine formation mechanism during the decompression of an HNCO and H2 mixture where a shock wave propagating at 10 km s −1 impacted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species has been observed in a variety of Galactic and extragalactic environments (e.g., López-Sepulcre et al 2015 and references therein), as well as in processed interstellar icy analogues (Jiménez-Escobar et al 2014;Fedoseev et al 2015;Kaňuchová et al 2016). A recent combined experimental-theoretical study has investigated the HNCO-based synthesis of formamide in exotic planetary atmospheres (Ferus et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dust Motions in Magnetized Turbulence: Source of Chemical Complexity

Cassone

Saija

Šponer

et al. 2018

ApJL

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Notwithstanding manufacture of complex organic molecules from impacting cometary and icy planet surface analogues is well-established, dust grain-grain collisions driven by turbulence in interstellar or circumstellar regions may represent a parallel chemical route toward the shock synthesis of prebiotically relevant species.Here we report on a study, based on the multi-scale shock-compression technique combined with ab initio molecular dynamics approaches, where the shock-waves-driven chemistry of mutually colliding isocyanic acid (HNCO) containing icy grains has been simulated by first-principles. At the shock wave velocity threshold triggering the chemical transformation of the sample (7 km s −1 ), formamide is the first synthesized species representing thus the spring-board for the further complexification of the system. In addition, upon increasing the shock impact velocity, formamide is formed in progressively larger amounts. More interestingly, at the highest velocity considered (10 km s −1 ), impacts drive the production of diverse carbon-carbon bonded species. In addition to glycine, the building block of alanine (i.e., ethanimine) and one of the major components of a plethora of amino-acids including, e.g., asparagine, cysteine, and leucine (i.e., vinylamine) have been detected after shock compression of samples containing the most widespread molecule in the universe (H 2 ) and the simplest compound bearing all the primary biogenic elements (HNCO).The present results indicate novel chemical pathways toward the chemical complexity typical of interstellar and circumstellar regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Motions in Magnetized Turbulence: Source of Chemical Complexity

Cassone

Saija

Šponer

et al. 2018

ApJL

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“…For an overview of all the selected spectral features, see Fig. 2, where our laboratory low-resolution spectrum acquired with the observation camera is compared to the real spectra of several meteors (Ferus et al 2018a).…”

Section: Compilation Of the Spectral Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of the elemental composition provided by emission spectra analysis of the plasma formed above the surface of the evaporated object (meteor) is practically similar to laboratory laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) elemental spectral analysis. In our recent pilot studies, we focused on the application of the calibration-free LIBS method in the interpretation of meteor spectra and the calculation of the elemental composition of meteoroids (Ferus et al 2017a(Ferus et al , 2018a. The method has been identified as feasible, but relatively time-demanding computation is still necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past two decades, our team demonstrated several experiments that mostly focused on the chemical transformations of the atmosphere or on the interaction with solid or liquid surfaces (Babánková et al 2006a). Most studies have been focused on impact-induced synthesis of biomolecules (Šponer et al 2016;Ferus et al 2017b) such as canonical nucleobases in Ferus et al (2012Ferus et al ( , 2014aFerus et al ( ,b, 2015Ferus et al ( , 2017b, sugars in Civiš et al (2016a), and aminoacids in Civiš et al (2004), or the transformation of atmospheric molecules on early terrestrial planets (Civiš et al 2008) such as the formation or decay of prebiotic substances, for instance, formamide (Ferus et al 2011), isocyanic acid (Ferus et al 2018a), and the transformations of hydrogen cyanide (Ferus et al 2017c), acetylene (Civiš et al 2016b), methane (Civiš et al 2017), or carbon monoxide (Civiš et al 2008;Ferus et al 2009). Pyrometric measurement of dielectric breakdown induced by high-power terawatt-class lasers in the gas phase has shown that airglow temperatures of 4500 K (Babánková et al 2006b) are very close to the low-temperature component in meteor spectra that exhibits 3800-6000 K independent of the mass of the impacting body or its velocity (specifically in the ranges of 35 and 72 km s −1 and masses between 1025 g and 1 g, according to Jenniskens et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Main spectral features of meteors studied using a terawatt-class high-power laser

Ferus

Kubelík

Petera

et al. 2019

A&A

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Context. Meteor spectra are commonly interpreted using data from databases and tables. Several studies have demonstrated very sophisticated calculations of elemental compositions of meteoroid bodies based on the computation of synthetic meteor spectra or on the spectral analysis of airglow plasma containing evaporated, atomized, and ionized meteoroid matter. However, considering accuracy, reliability of computations, lack of laboratory experimental data in this field, as well as the complicated physical structure of meteor plasma, such qualitative assignment or quantitative calculations are still extensively discussed in the scientific community. Even on the laboratory level, many studies have shown the high complexity of the acquisition and interpretation of the data that are recorded with techniques of emission spectroscopy that are in fashion and philosophy similar to the spectral analysis of meteor plasma, that is, detection and quantification of the elements that are ablated from complicated multicomponent matrices. Aims. The current study is focused on the application of terawatt-class laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TC-LIBS) of real samples of chondritic meteorites. We recorded emission spectra with high resolution and high precision that contain spectral lines that are typical for real meteoric spectra. Experimental data were compiled in a form that is convenient for the meteoric spectra interpretation and calibration. Methods. TC-LIBS was carried out by a high-power terawatt-class laser facility, the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS). The spectra were simultaneously recorded by an echelle high-resolution spectrograph in the UV/VIS spectral ranges and by a low-resolution spectrograph that was used for real observation of meteor spectra. We also present calculated synthetic spectra based on data from the NIST atomic spectra database. Results. We assembled etalon qualitative tables of major meteoric spectral features that can be used both for the spectral wavelength calibration of low-resolution observational instruments and for the exact interpretation of meteor spectra. The data are compared with real meteor spectra.

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Self‐catalytic mechanism of prebiotic reactions: From formamide to purine bases

Slavova

Enchev

2020

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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Complete reaction pathway of prebiotic reactions for formation of the purine nucleobases adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, isoguanine, 2,6‐diaminopurine, and xanthine from pure formamide are presented. All reactants (hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, water, formic acid, urea) and catalysts (formamide and formimidic acid) needed in the self‐catalyzed reactions are available from a starting compound, formamide. The required raw materials are obtained by partial decomposition of formamide.

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HNCO-based synthesis of formamide in planetary atmospheres

Cited by 40 publications

References 104 publications

Dust Motions in Magnetized Turbulence: Source of Chemical Complexity

Dust Motions in Magnetized Turbulence: Source of Chemical Complexity

Main spectral features of meteors studied using a terawatt-class high-power laser

Self‐catalytic mechanism of prebiotic reactions: From formamide to purine bases

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