Ho and Nd ion beam modifications of ZnO thin films

Light-enhanced electrical behavior of a Au/Al-doped ZnO/p-Si/Al heterostructure: insights from impedance and current–voltage analysis

“…However, certain ZnO lms show tensile lattice stress along the c axis, according to some reports. 22,23 The asymmetry of the diffraction line indicates that the structural aws at the substrate and A3ZO interface are the cause of the stress.…”