Hochu-Ekki-to Treatment Improves Reproductive and Immune Modulation in the Stress-Induced Rat Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Park, Eunkuk; Choi, Chun Whan; Kim, Soo Jeong; Kim, Young Dong; Sin, Samkee; Chu, Jong-Phil; Heo, Jun Young

doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0073.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The ability of estradiol to directly inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH via changes in mRNA levels and stimulate the increase in LHR mRNA expression has been reported [38, 39]. Previous studies indicated that the mRNA level of hormone receptors showed distinct differences with respect to external conditions [37, 40]. Thus, we measured the effect of cold exposure on the hormone receptors in the ovary and uterus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of Cold Exposure on the Reproductive Function in Female Rats

Li²,

Lin

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Female reproductive system diseases caused by exposure to a cold environment are widely considered as important human health challenges. Although the projection of female reproduction in cold temperature has been studied, a holistic view on the probable effects of cold exposure on the functions of the female reproductive system has not been achieved. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cold exposure to the functions of the ovary and uterus in female rats. For this purpose, female rats were randomly grouped as follows: (1) the cold group was exposed to -10°C, 4 h per day for 2 weeks, and (2) the normal temperature (23 ± 1°C) group was used as control. Alterations were observed in different parameters, including body weight gain, organ coefficients, estrus cycle, and pathology of the cold-exposed female rats. Similarly, the serum reproductive hormones and mRNA expression were evaluated. Cold exposure induced estrus cycle irregularity and some alterations in the morphology of the ovary. Cold exposure impairs the function of the ovary probably by changing the level of serum LH and increasing LHR expression. Cold exposure induced a significant reduction of uterine epithelium height. Cold exposure causes alterations in the morphology of the uterus probably because of the effect of progesterone, the increase in the PR level, and the decrease in the ER level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of Cold Exposure on the Reproductive Function in Female Rats

Li²,

Lin

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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“…It is known that TJ-41 has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo studies [14][15][16][17]. TJ-41 ameliorated ultraviolet-B-induced oxidative stress and skin dysfunction in hairless mice [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kampo formula hochu-ekki-to (Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, TJ-41) ameliorates muscle atrophy by modulating atrogenes and AMPK in vivo and in vitro

Yakabe

Hosoi

Sasakawa

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Muscle disuse results in loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang in Chinese) is an herbal medicinal formulation used to treat patients with frailty, fatigue and appetite loss. It has been suggested that two atrogenes, atrogin-1 and muscle Ring finger 1 (MuRF1), are ubiquitin ligases involved in disuse-induced muscle atrophy and that 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in skeletal muscle metabolism. Effects of TJ-41 on disuse-induced muscle atrophy are unclear. Methods We subjected differentiated C2C12 myotubes to serum starvation, then examined the effects of TJ-41 on atrogenes expression, AMPK activity and the morphology of the myotubes. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to tail-suspension to induce hindlimb atrophy. We administered TJ-41 by gavage to the control group and the tail-suspended group, then examined the effects of TJ-41 on atrogene expression, AMPK activity, and the muscle weight. Results Serum starvation induced the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in C2C12 myotubes, and TJ-41 significantly downregulated the expression of atrogin-1. Tail-suspension of the mice induced the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle as well as its muscle atrophy, whereas TJ-41 treatment significantly downregulated the expression of atrogin-1 and ameliorated the loss of the muscle weight. In addition, TJ-41 also activated AMPK and inactivated Akt and mTOR in skeletal muscle in vivo. Conclusion TJ-41 inhibited atrogenes in an Akt-independent manner as well as activating AMPK in skeletal muscles in vivo, further implying the therapeutic potential of TJ-41 against disuse-induced muscle atrophy and other atrogenes-dependent atrophic conditions.

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“… 12 , 13 , 14 In infertility treatment, HET was demonstrated to improve the fertile competence in idiopathic male infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome through immunomodulatory actions. 15 , 16 , 17 However, there is no study on the anti‐inflammatory effects of HET on aging females. Here, we sought to determine the potentials of HET treatment for infertility using an aging female animal model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HET showed anti‐inflammatory effects on several chronic inflammatory conditions including aging 12–14 . In infertility treatment, HET was demonstrated to improve the fertile competence in idiopathic male infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome through immunomodulatory actions 15–17 . However, there is no study on the anti‐inflammatory effects of HET on aging females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hochuekkito, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), on reproduction of aging female mice

Sato

Kawagoe

et al. 2021

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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Purpose To determine the potentials of Hochuekkito (HET) treatment for aging infertility. Methods Mice at 36 weeks of age were fed without (control, n = 40) or with low (100 mg/kg/day, n = 24) and high (1000 mg/kg/day, n = 38) doses of HET for 12 weeks. Aging animals at 48 weeks of age were used for in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET), and their ovaries were subjected to histological and quantitative inflammation analyses. Results HET administration decreased transcript levels of ovarian inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) but suppressed ovulation rates and the number of ovulated oocytes in aging mice. Furthermore, HET treatment decreased the rates of oocytes maturation and fertilization and the cumulus‐cell expression of TNF‐α‐induced protein 6 and epidermal growth factor receptor. After IVF‐ET, no improvement of declined live offspring rate by aging was achieved by HET administration, although there were no adverse effects on embryo development and implantation as well as gross morphology and bodyweight of pups. Conclusion Present study indicated HET treatment interfered with ovulation and fertilization in aging mice without affecting ovarian follicle development. No improvement on the age‐associated decline of live offspring rate and follicle development was achieved after HET treatment.

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Hochu-Ekki-to Treatment Improves Reproductive and Immune Modulation in the Stress-Induced Rat Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of Cold Exposure on the Reproductive Function in Female Rats

Impact of Cold Exposure on the Reproductive Function in Female Rats

Kampo formula hochu-ekki-to (Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, TJ-41) ameliorates muscle atrophy by modulating atrogenes and AMPK in vivo and in vitro

Effects of Hochuekkito, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), on reproduction of aging female mice

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