“…One of these alternative approaches is the use of fungal metabolites either in crude form or as purified compounds (Javaid et al, 2013;Akbar and Javaid, 2013). There are various reports in which fungal metabolites successfully seized the growth of various weeds including parthenium (Javaid and Ali, 2011;Javaid et al, 2017), through the production of antifungal compounds namely holadysenterine (Akbar et al, 2014), drazepinone (Evidente et al, 2005), and ophiobolin A (Evidente et al, 2006). The herbicidal activity of various fungal species including Trichoderma, Dreschlera, Alternaria and Aspergillus against parthenium has been reported in previous literature Javaid, 2012, 2013;Javaid et al, 2013Javaid et al, , 2017Bashir et al, 2018).…”