Holding characteristics of fasteners in bone

Bynum, D.; Ledbetter, W B; Boyd, Caroline; Ray, Debolina

doi:10.1007/bf02320538

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A 1971 paper by Bynum et al investigated the forces associated with the removal of bone fasteners from equine metacarpus [123], which is highly clinically relevant given the prevalent use of screws and fasteners in orthopedic surgery. Similarly, another early work characterized the mechanical properties of a new medical device designed for fixing forearm bone fractures that could be applied in a manner that minimizes bone trauma and reduces operation time [124].…”

Section: Clinical Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of the Field of Biomechanics Through the Lens of Experimental Mechanics

Grande-Allen

2010

Exp Mech

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Biomechanics is a young field that entails the study of the mechanical aspects of the life and health sciences. The growth of this field can be attributed to the growth of cutting-edge technologies that enable scientists to investigate the mechanics of life with increasing acuity. Founded in 1961, the journal Experimental Mechanics (EM) has had an important role in the growth and scholarship of the field of biomechanics. From the mid-1960's to mid-1970's, relevant publications in EM focused on characterizing potential bioimplants and exploring the mechanical properties of connective tissues. The next two decades witnessed a clear drop in biomechanics papers in EM, perhaps due to the rise of biomechanics-specific societies and journals that offered a more dedicated audience while EM sought a more varied readership. More recently, there has been a resurgence of biomechanics publications in EM, including 3 recent special issues devoted to the subject. The journal has brought forth an impressive range of biomechanics related papers including cellular and nanoscale studies, characterization of biological tissues and novel biomaterials, and most importantly, the development of novel technologies and devices that are applicable across the entire field. Digital image correlation and digital volume correlation are examples of techniques presented in EM that have been applied to numerous biomechanics problems. Although the field has exhibited exponential growth in the past 15 years, a myriad of scientific questions, especially on the cellular and subcellular level, remain to be answered. EM should cultivate its future role in shaping this exciting field.

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Section: Clinical Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of the Field of Biomechanics Through the Lens of Experimental Mechanics

Grande-Allen

2010

Exp Mech

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“…In general terms, the factors that determine the stability of an orthopaedic implant include implant design, technique of application, quality and thickness of bone engaged by the implant and the response of bone as it heals and reacts to the presence of the implant (22,32). The load experienced by any one pin is dependent upon several variables including the size and temperament of the patient, number of limbs injured, the degree of load-sharing between the fixator and bone, physical characteristics of the pin, pin location, number of pins in each fragment and frame configuration (7).…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Pbimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the fact that bone ruptures at 2% elongation, one author has stated that a misfit greater than 0.1 mm may lead to irreversible deformation of bone when 4.5 mm pins are used (17). One study which examined the effect of pilot hole size on bone-holding capacity of bone screws determined that maximum holding force could be obtained when interference, defined as the misfit divided by the thread height was between 35 and 50% (32). In this study, gross fracturing of the bone occurred as the pilot hole diameter was reduced to approach the screw minor diameter i.e.…”

Section: Vcotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type and thickness of the bone into which the pin is placed may also affect its bone-holding capacity. Axial pull-out strength of threaded implants has been demonstrated to increase linearly with increasing cortical width (35), and as a result it is not surprising to find that, for bones exhibiting a significant decrease in cortical thickness going from diaphyseal to metaphyseal regions e. g. tibia (36), the holding power of threaded implants is substantially higher in the diaphysis (21,25,32). Conversely, there appears to be little influ-ence of bone position on pull-out strength on threaded pins inserted into canine radii (6), which exhibit minimal change in conformation between diaphysis and proximal metaphysis, as compared with other long bones.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing External Skeletal Fixation Pin Performance: Consideration of the Pin-Bone Interface

Clary¹,

Roe²

1995

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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SummaryThe integrity of an external skeletal fixator relies heavily on the pin-bone interface (PBI). Investigation of this interface have focused on histological, mechanical, thermal and clinical assessments. In this review the factors which are important for optimizing the strength and longevity of the PBI are presented. Pin design, pin insertion technique, bone quality and tissue response are considered.External skeletal fixation is used increasingly in human and veterinary orthopaedics. Pin loosening and infection are the primary causes of device failure and patient morbidity. Using several different techniques, researchers have identified a number of factors which affect the integrity of the pin-bone interface. These include pin design, pin insertion technique, initial bone quality and the osseous response to pin implantation and loading.

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“…By equating the bending stress to that shown in Eq. 1, it can be shown that the material fringe constant is given by f = (MyW(Zn) (2) where M is the applied bending moment, y is the distance between the point of interest and the neutral axis, I is the moment of inertia of cross section of the specimen, and the remaining terms are defined in the stress optic relationship (Eq. 1).…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low‐modulus coatings on pin–bone contact stresses in external fixation

Manley

Hurst

Hindes

et al. 1984

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The intent of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in cortical bone around fracture fixation pins and around pins coated with various polymeric and elastomeric materials. Since these interface stresses cannot be measured directly, a photoelastic technique was employed and stresses were measured in two-dimensional bone models fabricated from sheets of epoxy resin. Our results showed that when a fixation pin was loaded in compression, the compressive stress measured in the model was greatest at the pin-model interface. The magnitude of the compressive stress was found to diminish steeply away from the hole in a log decrement distribution which was asymptotic to the value of the average stress in the model. When polymeric and elastomeric materials were applied as pin coatings and the performance of the coated pins was compared to that of uncoated pins of the same overall diameter, a reduction of the maximum stress in the bone model was demonstrated. Among the coatings tested, we found that of the polymeric materials ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was most effective at reducing the peak cortical stress magnitude. The most effective coating material overall was found to be silicon elastomer. Computation of stress values in models loaded through stainless-steel pins and through pins coated with 1-mm silicon elastomer showed that the presence of the elastomer layer caused a reduction of about 50% in the maximum compressive stress in the model.

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Holding characteristics of fasteners in bone

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

The Evolution of the Field of Biomechanics Through the Lens of Experimental Mechanics

The Evolution of the Field of Biomechanics Through the Lens of Experimental Mechanics

Enhancing External Skeletal Fixation Pin Performance: Consideration of the Pin-Bone Interface

Effects of low‐modulus coatings on pin–bone contact stresses in external fixation

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