Holistic analysis of lysine acetylation in aquaculture pathogenic bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus under bile salt stress

Abstract

Lysine acetylation modification is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, which plays an important role in the metabolism and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Vibrio alginolyticus is a common pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture, and bile salt can trigger the expression of bacterial virulence. However, little is known about the function of lysine acetylation in V. alginolyticus under bile salt stress. In this study, 1,315 acetylated peptides on 689 proteins were identified in V. alginolyticus under bile salt stress by acetyl-lysine antibody enrichment and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics analysis found that the peptides motif ****A*Kac**** and *******Kac****A* were highly conserved, and protein lysine acetylation was involved in regulating various cellular biological processes and maintaining the normal life activities of bacteria, such as ribosome, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, two-component system, and bacterial secretion system. Further, 22 acetylated proteins were also found to be related to the virulence of V. alginolyticus under bile salt stress through secretion system, chemotaxis and motility, and adherence. Finally, comparing un-treated and treated with bile salt stress lysine acetylated proteins, it was found that there were 240 overlapping proteins, and found amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, beta-Lactam resistance, fatty acid degradation, carbon metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments pathways were significantly enriched in bile salt stress alone. In conclusion, this study is a holistic analysis of lysine acetylation in V. alginolyticus under bile salt stress, especially many virulence factors have also acetylated.

Recent Contributions of Proteomics to Our Understanding of Reversible Nε-Lysine Acylation in Bacteria

“…Specifically, 22 virulence factors were found to be acetylated, including those involved in chemotaxis and motility, adherence, toxin production, and secretion systems. Similar to the previous untreated V. alginolyticus analysis, acetylation under bile salt stress revealed that acetylated proteins were involved in different metabolic pathways with 240 proteins overlapping . Furthermore, succinylome analysis of V. alginolyticus showed a significant overlap of acetylation and succinylation sites in 503 (37.3%) proteins, suggesting widespread crosstalk between both acylations.…”

“…Similar to the previous untreated V. alginolyticus analysis, 101 acetylation under bile salt stress revealed that acetylated proteins were involved in different metabolic pathways with 240 proteins overlapping. 102 Furthermore, succinylome analysis of V. alginolyticus showed a significant overlap of acetylation and succinylation sites in 503 (37.3%) proteins, suggesting widespread crosstalk between both acylations. Succinylation also plays a significant regulatory role in central metabolic pathways and bacterial virulence.…”

Bacterial protein acetylation: mechanisms, functions, and methods for study

“…In V. alginolyticus , the functional correlation of acetylation and bile salt stress through KEGG pathways enrichment analysis revealed that the largest group of acetylated proteins was involved in metabolic pathways (20.5%), biosynthesis of antibiotics (13.3%), ribosome (5.8%), purine metabolism (3.3%), carbon metabolism (2%), beta-lactam resistance (2.0%), and RNA degradation (1.7%). In general, these data indicated that the enzymes in the metabolic pathway play an important role in enabling bacteria to respond to stress ( Xiao et al., 2023 ).…”

“…Under other types of stress, it has been observed that acetylated proteins are related to metabolic enzymes, critical proteins involved in DNA damage repair and cellular processes such as translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, amino acid transport and metabolism, and energy conservation and conversion ( Zhang et al., 2022 ; Xiao et al., 2023 ; Yao et al., 2023 ). These studies show a global view of the response to different types of stress and the PTM of lysine acetylation.…”