Holistic integration of gaze cues in visual face and body perception: Evidence from the composite design

Vrancken, Leia; Germeys, Filip; Verfaillie, Karl

doi:10.1167/17.1.24

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Visual perception of human bodies relies on specific cognitive and neural mechanisms that are different from those activated by objects [58, 62]. In particular, face and body stimuli are processed using configural and holistic processing, as revealed, respectively, by the inversion [59, 112] and the composite illusion [78, 79] effects. Although the presence of composite illusion for body stimuli is still controversial [65–67, 76, 113], our results support the reliability of both effects in body perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it represents a more refined perceptual ability tailored to specific social stimuli such as bodies and faces, facilitating identity and emotion recognition [75, 76]. Holistic processing is revealed by the composite illusion effect [66, 77, 78]; two identical top halves of bodies or faces combined with two different bottom halves are perceived as being different when they are aligned (with respect to vertical axis), but not when they are misaligned [79]. Since the presentation of misaligned stimuli disrupts the holistic processing, in a delayed same-different judgment focused on the top halves of the stimuli, a better performance is expected when the top and the bottom parts are misaligned rather than aligned [65–67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Brain Damage Affects Body Schema and Person Perception Abilities in Children and Adolescents with Spastic Diplegia

et al. 2019

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Early brain damage leading to cerebral palsy is associated to core motor impairments and also affects cognitive and social abilities. In particular, previous studies have documented specific alterations of perceptual body processing and motor cognition that are associated to unilateral motor deficits in hemiplegic patients. However, little is known about spastic diplegia (SpD), which is characterized by motorial deficits involving both sides of the body and is often associated to visuospatial, attentional, and social perception impairments. Here, we compared the performance of a sample of 30 children and adolescents with SpD (aged 7-18 years) and of a group of age-matched controls with typical development (TD) at two different tasks tapping on body representations. In the first task, we tested visual and motor imagery abilities as assessed, respectively, by the object-based mental rotation of letters and by the first-person transformations for whole-body stimuli. In the second task, we administered an inversion effect/composite illusion task to evaluate the use of configural/holistic processing of others’ body. Additionally, we assessed social perception abilities in the SpD sample using the NEPSY-II battery. In line with previously reported visuospatial deficits, a general mental imagery impairment was found in SpD patients when they were engaged in both object-centered and first-person mental transformations. Nevertheless, a specific deficit in operating an own-body transformation emerged. As concerns body perception, while more basic configural processing (i.e., inversion effect) was spared, no evidence for holistic (i.e., composite illusion) body processing was found in the SpD group. NEPSY-II assessment revealed that SpD children were impaired in both the theory of mind and affect recognition subtests. Overall, these findings suggested that early brain lesions and biased embodied experience could affect higher-level motor cognition and perceptual body processing, thus pointing to a strict link between motor deficits, body schema alterations, and person processing difficulties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Brain Damage Affects Body Schema and Person Perception Abilities in Children and Adolescents with Spastic Diplegia

et al. 2019

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“…Through a priming paradigm, Daems and Verfaillie (1999) found that stored representations could mediate the identifications of body posture. In addition to the inversion effect, the composite effect of body posture also supports the expertise recognition of body posture (Willems et al, 2014;Vrancken et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Body-Posture Recognition by Undergraduate Students Majoring in Physical Education and Other Disciplines

Tao¹,

Du²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Front. Psychol.

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Humans are more proficient at processing visual display of body posture when the body is in upright orientation, compared to when inverted (inversion effect). Here we investigated whether extensive exposure or expertise on body posture recognition would affect the efficiency with which body-posture is processed. Using whole-body and piecemeal-body postures as stimuli, we performed two experiments to investigate whether body-posture recognition differed between two groups of participants: undergraduates majoring in physical education (PE) and those in other subjects (non-PE), respectively. These two groups differed significantly in the frequency and intensity of exercise per day and/or accumulated exercise time. In our experiments, following initial presentation of an image of a body posture, participants were shown the same or a different stimulus and were asked to report whether or not they had been previously shown the same image. The orientations of the body postures were also varied between trials. Our results showed that, in Experiment 1, for whole-body posture recognition, both the PE and non-PE groups showed a robust body-inversion effect in terms of both error rate and reaction time (RT), but the magnitude of the body-inversion effect in the RT measure was greater in the PE than the non-PE group. In Experiment 2, for piecemeal-body postures, both groups showed the inversion effect in terms of both error rate and RT measures and the PE group made fewer overall errors than the non-PE group. These cumulative results suggest that a superiority effect exists for PE participants compared with non-PE participants. Our results are generally consistent with the expertise hypothesis.

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“…Human observers exhibit an impressive level of proficiency in identifying the body postures of conspecifics (e.g., Daems and Verfaillie, 1999;Rumiati, 2000;Willems et al, 2014 (much like the recognition of faces; e.g., Galton, 1883;Maurer et al, 2002;Van Belle et al, 2010a,b;Verfaillie et al, 2014;Vrancken et al, 2019, although the issue whether face and body recognition are "special" is under debate, e.g., Gauthier et al, 1999;Tai et al, 2004;Reed et al, 2012). On the one hand, this is important from an evolutionary point of view, because posture identification frequently is crucial for adequately interpreting the intention of the interacting partner, which in itself is important for reacting in a socially appropriate manner (e.g., Jellema and Perrett, 2003;Gallese et al, 2004;Sebanz and Frith, 2004;Blake and Shiffrar, 2007;Brooks et al, 2008;Manera et al, 2010Manera et al, , 2011Brown and Brüne, 2012;Moors et al, 2015;Isik et al, 2017;Vrancken et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2018). On the other hand, the identification of other people's postures is not trivial from a perceptual standpoint (e.g., Gold et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Orientation Tuning of Visual Representations of Human Body Postures: Evidence From Long-Term Priming

Verfaillie

Daems

2020

Front. Psychol.

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The proficiency of human observers to identify body postures is examined in three experiments. We use a posture decision task in which participants are primed with either anatomically possible or impossible postures (in the latter case the upper and lower body face in opposite directions). In a long-term priming paradigm (i.e., in an initial priming block of trials and a subsequent test phase several minutes later), we manipulate the relation between priming and test postures with respect to the identity of the person in the body postures (Experiment 1), the prototypicality of the depth orientations (Experiment 2), and the variability of the priming orientations (Experiment 3). Reaction time to the test postures is the main dependent variable. In Experiment 1 it is found that priming of postures does not depend on the exact visual appearance of the actor (either same priming and test female or male figure or different figures), supporting the hypothesis that posture priming primarily is determined by the spatial relations between the body parts and much less by characteristics of the person involved. Long-term priming in our paradigm apparently is based on the reactivation of high-level posture representations that make abstraction of the identity of the human figure. In Experiment 2 we observe that privileged or prototypical orientations (e.g., 3/4 views) do not affect long-term priming of body postures. In Experiment 3, we find that increasing or decreasing the variability between the priming and test figures influences reaction time performance. Collectively, these results provide a better understanding of the flexibility (e.g., invariant to identity) and limits (e.g., depending on depth orientation) of the processes supporting human posture recognition.

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Holistic integration of gaze cues in visual face and body perception: Evidence from the composite design

Cited by 11 publications

References 95 publications

Early Brain Damage Affects Body Schema and Person Perception Abilities in Children and Adolescents with Spastic Diplegia

Early Brain Damage Affects Body Schema and Person Perception Abilities in Children and Adolescents with Spastic Diplegia

Body-Posture Recognition by Undergraduate Students Majoring in Physical Education and Other Disciplines

Flexible Orientation Tuning of Visual Representations of Human Body Postures: Evidence From Long-Term Priming

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