The creative industry has in recent years drawn much attention from the side of both scientists and policy-makers in the area of urban planning and industrial policy. The question is however, whether the assumed innovative and successful potential offered by firms in the creative industry is justified on economic and managerial grounds. The present paper aims to provide a critical review of the current creativeness fashion by addressing in particular the critical success factors and the high performance conditions of firms in this sector. On the basis of general principles from strategic performance measurement of business firms a systematic analysis for assessing the performance of creative firms is proposed. Specific attention is paid to the lessons from the strategic performance management literature for measuring the successes (and failures) of creative firms in modern innovative industries. This paper aims to offer the basis for a systematic framework for evaluating the competitive performance of firms in the creative industry. 1
Creativity as a New Departure for Scientific ResearchThe past decade has witnessed an avalanche of interest in research and policy on creativity, predominantly as a result of the work of Richard Florida (2002, 2003, 2004) on creative industries and creative classes in creative cities. Creativity has become a strategic signpost for a new orientation regarding economic, technological and social innovation in a modern society.Research on creative behaviour is clearly on the rise. It has prompted new research and policy attention for the institutional, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions of innovation in a dynamic and competitive space-economy.It is noteworthy however, that creativity research already has a long history grounded in behavioural research in the social sciences. Already in 1950, Guilford (1950 focussed attention on the driving forces of creative productiveness in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association. He in particular addressed the impact of education and training on creative routines of people. In subsequent decades the focus of social science research has mainly been on the development of statistical measurement techniques for creative abilities, largely from the perspective of experimential psychology. Groundbreaking quantitative research was undertaken in particular by Torrance (1963Torrance ( , 1966Torrance ( , 1972Torrance ( , 1981, who has offered the foundation for the solid statistical research tradition on measuring creativity nowdays known as the TTCT (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking) method (see for a review inter alia Fasko, 2001). Modern creativity research is mainly inspired by two sources: innovation research and urban incubation (or urban seedbed) research. Innovation research has become a very topical research issue that is originating from global and local competitiveness challenges, urban industrial dynamics, economic-technological transformations and adaptive management capacity (see inter alia Porter, 199...