Holistic processing in the composite task depends on face size

Ross, David A.; Gauthier, Isabel

doi:10.1080/13506285.2015.1049678

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recent evidence suggests that it is crucial to maximize the ecological value of the face stimuli in order to adequately measure face-specific perceptual processes (McKone, 2009;Oruc & Barton, 2010;Yang et al, 2014;Ross & Gauthier, 2015). Considering this, the present study revisits the issue of SF tuning for upright and inverted faces while taking into account two additional ecologically relevant parameters that may influence SF tuning: the presence of natural facial contour and face size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The influence of natural contour and face size on the spatial frequency tuning for identifying upright and inverted faces

Royer

Willenbockel

Blais

et al. 2016

Psychological Research

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It has previously been proposed that holistic face processing is based on low spatial frequencies (SFs) whereas featural processing relies on higher SFs, a hypothesis still widespread in the face processing literature today (e.g. Peters et al. in Eur J Neurosci 37(9):1448-1457, 2013). Since upright faces are supposedly recognized through holistic processing and inverted faces, using features, it is easy to take the leap to suggest a qualitatively different SF tuning for the identification of upright and vs. inverted faces. However, two independent studies (e.g. Gaspar et al. in Vision Res 48(28):2817-2826, 2008; Willenbockel et al. in J Exp Psychol Human 36(1):122-135, 2010a) found the same SF tuning for both stimulus presentations. Since these authors used relatively small faces hiding the natural facial contour, it is possible that differences in the SF tuning for identifying upright and inverted faces were missed. The present study thus revisits the SF tuning for upright and inverted faces face identification using the SF Bubbles technique. Our results still indicate that the same SFs are involved in both upright and inverted face recognition regardless of these additional parameters (contour and size), thus contrasting with previous data obtained using different methods (e.g. Oruc and Barton in J Vis 10(12):20, 1-12, 2010). The possible reasons subtending this divergence are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The influence of natural contour and face size on the spatial frequency tuning for identifying upright and inverted faces

Royer

Willenbockel

Blais

et al. 2016

Psychological Research

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“…There is growing interest in measuring individual differences in visual abilities, an approach that can offer evidence as to the number, real-world relevance, and developmental origins of visual mechanisms (Wilmer, 2008). This approach requires the creation of measurement tools that are sufficiently reliable to provide information about individual differences, which is often not the case with standard cognitive tasks (e.g., Hedge, Powell, & Sumner, 2017;Ross & Gauthier, 2015). Another important psychometric property is that of measurement invariance across groups: We want to be confident that we can test the same ability in individuals of different groups (e.g., females vs. males or younger vs. older individuals).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differential item functioning in tests of face and car recognition ability

2018

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The presence of differential item functioning (DIF) in a test suggests bias that could disadvantage members of a certain group. Previous work with tests of visual learning abilities found significant DIF related to age groups in a car test (Lee, Cho, McGugin, Van Gulick, & Gauthier, 2015), but not in a face test (Cho et al., 2015). The presence of age DIF is a threat to the validity of the test even for studies where aging is not of interest. Here, we assessed whether this pattern of age DIF for cars and not faces would also apply to new tests targeting the same abilities with a new matching task that uses two studied items per trial. We found evidence for DIF in matching tests for faces and for cars, though with encouragingly small effect sizes. Even though the age DIF was small enough at the test level to be acceptable for most uses, we also asked whether the specific format of our matching tasks may induce some age-related DIF regardless of domain. We decomposed the face matching task into its components, and using new data from subjects performing these simpler tasks, found evidence that the age DIF was driven by the similarity of the two faces presented at study on each trial. Overall, our results suggest that using a matching format, especially for cars, reduces age-related DIF, and that a simpler matching task with only one study item per trial could reduce age DIF further.

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“…Even so, the spatial relations between features and the context of the whole face are also important for perceiving its emotional expression (e.g., Calder, Young, et al, 2000; Calvo & Beltrán, 2014; Tanaka, Kaiser, Butler, & Le Grand, 2012; White, 2000). Indeed, there is some evidence suggesting that the relative contribution of configural and holistic processing to face perception is greater at normal interpersonal distances than at larger distances (Oruç & Barton, 2010; Ross & Gauthier, 2015; Yang, Shafai, & Oruc, 2014; though see McKone, 2009). The present study focuses on the processing of specific features in the context of a whole, unaltered face, where the only filtering is that done by the eye.…”

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confidence: 99%

The impact on emotion classification performance and gaze behavior of foveal versus extrafoveal processing of facial features.

Atkinson¹,

Smithson²

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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At normal interpersonal distances all features of a face cannot fall within one's fovea simultaneously. Given that certain facial features are differentially informative of different emotions, does the ability to identify facially expressed emotions vary according to the feature fixated and do saccades preferentially seek diagnostic features? Previous findings are equivocal. We presented faces for a brief time, insufficient for a saccade, at a spatial position that guaranteed that a given feature-an eye, cheek, the central brow, or mouth-fell at the fovea. Across two experiments, observers were more accurate and faster at discriminating angry expressions when the high spatial-frequency information of the brow was projected to their fovea than when one or other cheek or eye was. Performance in classifying fear and happiness (Experiment 1) was not influenced by whether the most informative features (eyes and mouth, respectively) were projected foveally or extrafoveally. Observers more accurately distinguished between fearful and surprised expressions (Experiment 2) when the mouth was projected to the fovea. Reflexive first saccades tended towards the left and center of the face rather than preferentially targeting emotion-distinguishing features. These results reflect the integration of task-relevant information across the face constrained by the differences between foveal and extrafoveal processing (Peterson & Eckstein, 2012).

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Holistic processing in the composite task depends on face size

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

The influence of natural contour and face size on the spatial frequency tuning for identifying upright and inverted faces

The influence of natural contour and face size on the spatial frequency tuning for identifying upright and inverted faces

Age-related differential item functioning in tests of face and car recognition ability

The impact on emotion classification performance and gaze behavior of foveal versus extrafoveal processing of facial features.

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