Holistic versus detailed visual processing in body dysmorphic disorder: Testing the inversion, composite and global precedence effects

Monzani, Benedetta; Krebs, Georgina; Anson, Martin; Veale, David; Mataix‐Cols, David

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.009

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our data do not appear to be consistent with the recent findings of Monzani et al (2013). Monzani and colleagues found no evidence for a visual processing bias in individuals with BDD.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Monzani, Krebs, Anson, Veale, and Mataix-Cols (2013) fail to see any robust differences in holistic/global versus local processing between BDD patients and controls, across several visual tasks. Significant methodological differences limit the degree to which this result can be compared with previous studies, but nevertheless indicate that more work is needed regarding the specification any contribution of visual processing abnormalities in BDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Abnormalities in visual processing amongst students with body image concerns

Mundy¹,

Sadusky²

2014

ACP

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Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) appear to possess abnormalities in the way they observe and discriminate visual information. A pre-occupation with perceived defects in appearance has been attributed to a local visual processing bias. We studied the nature of visual bias in individuals who may be at risk of developing BDD – those with high body image concerns (BICs) – by using inverted stimulus discrimination. Inversion disrupts global, configural information in favor of local, feature-based processing. 40 individuals with high BIC and 40 low BIC controls performed a discrimination task with upright and inverted faces, bodies, and scenes. Individuals with high BIC discriminated inverted faces and bodies faster than controls, and were also more accurate when discriminating inverted bodies and scenes. This reduction in inversion effect for high BIC individuals may be due to a stimulus-general local, detail-focused processing bias, which may be associated with maladaptive fixation on small features in their appearance.

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“…Our data do not appear to be consistent with the recent findings of Monzani et al (2013). Monzani and colleagues found no evidence for a visual processing bias in individuals with BDD.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Abnormalities in visual processing amongst students with body image concerns

Mundy¹,

Sadusky²

2014

ACP

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“…Another study using inverted faces demonstrated that individuals with BDD relative to healthy controls had enhanced ability to recognize inverted faces (Jefferies et al, 2012). Similar results were not found in a more recent study, although shorter presentation times and different stimuli were used (Monzani et al, 2013). Collectively, these studies largely support a local bias and global impairment for faces among BDD individuals and suggest similar deficits may exist for stimuli unrelated to BDD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A recent study used a version of the Navon task to examine the global precedence effect in individuals with BDD and healthy controls (Monzani et al, 2013). The global precedence effect refers to the preference and superiority for processing global aspects of a scene at the expense of the local details and is ascertained by comparing consistent letters, in which the global and local letters share identity (e.g., a large H made of smaller Hs) with inconsistent letters, in which the two levels have different identities (e.g., a large S made of small Hs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment in local and global processing and set-shifting in body dysmorphic disorder

Kerwin¹,

Hovav

Hellemann³

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by distressing and often debilitating preoccupations with misperceived defects in appearance. Research suggests that aberrant visual processing may contribute to these misperceptions. This study used two tasks to probe global and local visual processing as well as set shifting in individuals with BDD. Eighteen unmedicated individuals with BDD and 17 non-clinical controls completed two global-local tasks. The embedded figures task requires participants to determine which of three complex figures contained a simpler figure embedded within it. The Navon task utilizes incongruent stimuli comprised of a large letter (global level) made up of smaller letters (local level). The outcome measures were response time and accuracy rate. On the embedded figures task, BDD individuals were slower and less accurate than controls. On the Navon task, BDD individuals processed both global and local stimuli slower and less accurately than controls, and there was a further decrement in performance when shifting attention between the different levels of stimuli. Worse insight correlated with poorer performance on both tasks. Taken together, these results suggest abnormal global and local processing for non-appearance related stimuli among BDD individuals, in addition to evidence of poor set-shifting abilities. Moreover, these abnormalities appear to relate to the important clinical variable of poor insight. Further research is needed to explore these abnormalities and elucidate their possible role in the development and/or persistence of BDD symptoms.

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Psychodermatology and Psychocutaneous Disease

Bewley

Taylor

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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Psychodermatology is an emerging branch of dermatology. Patients with pyschodermatological disease are very common. They largely fall into two categories: patients with primarily psychiatric disease who present to dermatology health care professionals (e.g. delusional infestation and body dysmorphic disorder) and patients with skin disease (e.g. psoriasis, atopic eczema, vitiligo and acne) for whom there are large psychosocial co‐morbidities (e.g. anxiety and/or depression and suicide). Management of patients with psychodermatological disease requires a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, where possible in speicialist clinics. Such clinics are relatively rare, perceived to be expensive, but increasing globally. There is increasing evidence that management of patients with psychodermatological disease in MDT clinics is both cost effective and produces the best clinical outcome for patients. In this chapter a comprehensive list of psychodermatological disorders is covered; diagnosis, assessment and management of psychodermatological disease is discussed alongside (where possible) current theories about aetiology and psychoneurology. It is widely recognized that patients with psychodermatological disease present to dermatology health care professionals (HCPs) rather than psychiatric/psychology services. It is essential, then, that dermatology HCPs are familiar with the management of these common but complex patients, albeit with the support of a psychodermatology MDT.

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Holistic versus detailed visual processing in body dysmorphic disorder: Testing the inversion, composite and global precedence effects

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Abnormalities in visual processing amongst students with body image concerns

Abnormalities in visual processing amongst students with body image concerns

Impairment in local and global processing and set-shifting in body dysmorphic disorder

Psychodermatology and Psychocutaneous Disease

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