Hollow Carbon Nanobubbles: Synthesis, Chemical Functionalization, and Container‐Type Behavior in Water

Abstract

Thin-walled, hollow carbon nanospheres with a hydrophobic interior and good water dispersability can be synthesized in two steps: First, metal nanoparticles, coated with a few layers of graphene-like carbon, are selectively modified on the outside with a covalently attached hydrophilic polymer. Second, the metal core is removed at elevated temperature treatment with acid, leaving a well-defined carbon-based hydrophobic cavity. Loading experiments with the dye rhodamine B and doxorubicin confirmed the filling and release of a cargo and adjustment of a dynamic equilibrium (cargo-loaded versus release). Rhodamine B preferably accumulates in the interior of the bubbles. Filled nanobubbles allowed constant dye release into pure water. Studies of the concentration-dependent loading and release show an unusual hysteresis.

Water dispersible surface-functionalized platinum/carbon nanorattles for size-selective catalysis

“…Another reason for the low reaction rate could be the broad size-distribution of the platinum nanoparticles. 54 , 55 Control reactions with empty nanorattles 56 (no platinum inside the nanoshells) and spherical carbon nanoparticles showed no oxidation of glucose and maltoheptaose (Fig. S13 † ).…”

Shape Engineering of Biomass‐Derived Nanoparticles from Hollow Spheres to Bowls through Solvent‐Induced Buckling

“…Among the different types of asymmetric nanocontainers, carbonaceous materials possess additional advantageous properties such as high chemical and thermal stability, good electrical conductivity, and accessible interior space . Although extensive efforts have been made for the fabrication of hollow spheres, strategies for the synthesis of asymmetric carbonaceous nanocontainers are still at an early stage of development.…”

Efficient Recycling of Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticle Templates for the Synthesis of Hollow Silica Spheres

“…Hollow nanomaterial research has emerged as a particularly interesting field, motivated by intriguing properties of hollow nanoparticles such as very low density and high surface area. The large internal void results in a plethora of applications, for example, electronic capacitors, , catalyst supports, and drug nanocarriers. , Next to hollow particles of carbon − and zeolite, − the most prominent material is pure silica, SiO 2 . It is immensely popular due to its relatively high chemical inertness, low price, high transparency, high abundance in nature, and low toxicity.…”