Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction coupled with miniature capillary electrophoresis for the trace analysis of four aliphatic aldehydes in water samples

Abstract

An environmentally friendly method for the trace analysis of four aliphatic aldehydes as water disinfection byproducts has been developed based on hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by miniature capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. After derivatization with 2-thiobarbituric acid, four aliphatic aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propylaldehyde, and butyraldehyde) became detectable by the amperometric detector. Under the optimum conditions, four aliphatic aldehydes can be well separated from the coexisting interferents as well as their homologs (pentanal, glyoxal, and methyl-glyoxal), and the limits of detection (S/N = 3) could reach sub-nanogram-per-milliliter level based on hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction. The proposed method has been applied for the analyses of above four aliphatic aldehydes in different water samples such as drinking water, tap water, and river water, and the average recoveries were in the range of 90-113%, providing an alternative to conventional and microchip capillary electrophoresis approaches.

Salt‐effect enhanced hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction of glutathione in human saliva followed by miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

“…Q3/2 Accurel PP polypropylene microporous hollow‐fiber membrane (200 µm wall thickness, 600 µm inner diameters, 0.2 µm pore size, 75% porosity) was purchased from Membrana (Wuppertal, Germany). The hollow fiber was cut into segments with a length of 4 cm, and the preparation of each segment was referred to our previous works . A microsyringe (10 µL, 0.3 mm o.d.…”

“…Three‐phase dynamic HF‐LPME was applied to the purification and enrichment of GSH, and its device as presented in our previous works . The main process was as followed.…”

“…Furthermore, the extraction solution can be directly injected for electrophoretic analysis, which has a good compatibility with chromatography. Our group has accomplished the purification and enrichment of short‐chain fatty acids in microbial degradation liquids and fatty aldehydes in water using HF‐LPME technology. So far, few works have been reported yet concerning the preconcentration of GSH by HF‐LPME.…”

Derivatisation for separation and detection in capillary electrophoresis (2015–2017)

“…The handling of minute samples is difficult, and thus this mode is applied when ample volumes of samples and reagents are available. Pre‐capillary mode was the most commonly applied procedure accounting for 2/3 or 29 of the 46 covered articles .…”

“…This is often the case for fluorescence detection where native fluorescence is rather uncommon and only the labelled species provide a strong signal. There were 24 articles on LIF , 16 on UV , 3 on electrochemical detection , and 4 on MS . In MS detection, derivatisation was used to improve the separation (see Section ) and to enable MS detection in favourable positive ion ESI mode .…”