Hollow Microscale and Nanoscale Structures as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

In the past decade, the synthesis and application of hollow multishell micro/nanostructures have experienced substantial developments. Hollow micro-and nanostructures demonstrate a promising future in energy storage. However, hollow micro/nanostructures as anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have not been systematically summarized. In this paper, the challenges faced by lithium anode materials are reviewed. Then, the application of hollow micro/nanostructures as lithium anode electrodes is reviewed in terms of the charging and discharging mechanisms of multishell hollow anode electrodes. Eventually, the prospects for the development of multishell hollow micro/nanostructures as lithium anode electrodes are further discussed.

Rational Design and Engineering of 1D Heterostructured Porous Sn/CoSnx@C Nanotubes for Superior Lithium Storage

“…Then, the pristine nanofibers were heated to 280 °C for 2 h in air with a heating rate of 2 °C/min and then oxidized at 500 °C for 2 h. Owing to the Kirkendall effect, the hollow SnO 2 nanotubes with an inside diameter of 200 ± 5 nm and a shell thickness of about 40 nm were obtained (Figures S1b and S2b). The tubular structure is beneficial to shorten the ion transport path and alleviate the volume expansion caused by Li + insertion and extraction . After that, the SnO 2 nanotubes were coated with a polydopamine (DA) thin layer (SnO 2 @PDA) (Figures S1c and S2c).…”

“…44 The tubular structure is beneficial to shorten the ion transport path and alleviate the volume expansion caused by Li + insertion and extraction. 45 After that, the SnO 2 nanotubes were coated with a polydopamine (DA) thin layer (SnO 2 @PDA) (Figures S1c and S2c). The PDA acts as a bridge between SnO 2 and the following synthesized ZIF-67 nanosheets; meanwhile, a layer of N-doped carbon that reduces SnO 2 to Sn can be formed during the subsequent thermal treatment, which is beneficial to the anode structural stability and electronic conductivity in the charge/ discharge process.…”

Si Nanowires: From Model System to Practical Li-Ion Anode Material and Beyond

“…The electrochemical cycling also showed promising activation of the Si NW clusters, exhibiting a capacity retention of 83.6% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C in a half-cell configuration. Recently, much interest has been gained by commercial entities such as OneDBattery Sciences, which has produced large-scale SiNW/Gt composites via a CVD process using low cost Cu/Cu x O catalysts. − Their Si/Gt composites containing 21% Si demonstrated a lithiation specific capacity of 1048 mAh g –1 in the first cycle, with an impressive initial CE of 92.8%. This means that only 22 kg of Si/Gt composite would be required, instead of 58 kg of graphite in a 75 KWh EV battery pack.…”