Hollow optical waveguide devices and systems

Jenkins, R. M.; Perrett, Brian J.; McNie, Mark E.; Finlayson, Ewan D.; Davies, R.; Banerji, J.; Davies, Annette

doi:10.1117/12.802454

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Assuming a perfectly aligned input beam this value of waist diameter provides 98% power coupling from the TEM 00 input beam to the fundamental waveguide mode [5,7,9] . However, angular, lateral and axial misalignment of the input beam can reduce the fundamental mode coupling with the result that appropriate alignment tolerances also need to be defined and achieved in practice [4,6,7] . As an example, figure 8 shows plots of angular and lateral alignment tolerances as a function of guide width for the shortest (2.1 μm) and longest (4.6 μm) input wavelengths that the beam combiner is designed for.…”

Section: Hollow Waveguide Circuit Board Design and Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…EH 11 00 TEM ratio of TEM 00 waist diameter (2ω 0 ) to guide width (w) The calculated tolerances in figure 8 not only apply to the TEM 00 input beams from the different sources but also to the angular and lateral alignment between the linear sections of hollow waveguide in the hollow waveguide circuit [4][5][6][7] . Furthermore, in that an angular or lateral misalignment of an integrated component can cause angular or lateral misalignment of a fundamental waveguide mode field as it is coupled from one section of linear hollow waveguide to another in the circuit, the tolerances also dictate the angular and lateral alignment required for the integrated components and certain aspects of their opto-mechanical properties e.g.…”

Section: Hollow Waveguide Circuit Board Design and Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dichroic coatings on the components, and the properties of the hollow optical waveguide circuit, were designed to be capable of combining the outputs from a diode pumped Ho:YAG laser operating at 2.1 μm and three QCL sources at 3.95 μm, 4.05 μm and 4.6 µm, respectively. As demonstrated in earlier work, the hollow waveguide circuit board approach can lead to compact, rugged, optically robust solutions for a wide range of optical systems [4][5][6][7] . A realization of the beam combiner using the approach will make it applicable to a wide range of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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A hollow waveguide integrated optic QCL beam combiner

Elder¹,

Lamb²,

Jenkins³

2012

SPIE Proceedings

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We describe a beam combiner based on a cascade of dichroic components implemented in a hollow waveguide integrated optic format. The approach results in a compact, rugged, optically robust solution for providing simultaneous multi-wavelength emission in the near and mid-IR atmospheric transmission windows. In the approach the individual dichroic beam combiner components are held in precision alignment slots in the hollow waveguide circuit and the different input wavelengths are guided between the components to a common output port. The hollow waveguide circuit and the alignment slots for the components are formed in the surface of a Macor (machinable glass-ceramic) substrate using precision CNC machining techniques. The hollow waveguides have fundamentally different propagation characteristics to solid core waveguides leading to transmission characteristics close to those of the atmosphere while still providing useful light guidance properties. Because of the hollow nature of the core, the transmission efficiency and power handling of the hollow waveguide circuit can be designed to be very high across a broad waveband range. The specifications for the dichroic beam combiners and the design of the hollow waveguide circuit are described in relation to a beam combiner for combining three QCLs emitting at 3.95 μm, 4.05 μm and 4.6 μm and a Ho:YAG laser emitting at 2.1 µm. Details of the design, modeling and manufacturing work, and preliminary assessments of the associated components, are described.

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Section: Hollow Waveguide Circuit Board Design and Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hollow Waveguide Circuit Board Design and Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A hollow waveguide integrated optic QCL beam combiner

Elder¹,

Lamb²,

Jenkins³

2012

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Therefore, other waveguide structures must be developed. Soref et al proposed several waveguide structures suitable for mid-and long-IR spectral regions [10]: Si rib-membrane waveguides, Si on Si 3 N 4 (SON), Si on sapphire (SOS) [11], Ge-on-Si, Ge on SOI or GeSn-on-Si strip and slot waveguides, hollow waveguides with Bragg or anti-resonant cladding [12], [13], and silicon on porous silicon waveguides [14], [15]. Freestanding waveguides fabricated by the proton beam writing technique are also candidates for MIR group IV photonics [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguides for mid-infrared group IV photonics

Mashanovich

Headley

Milošević

et al. 2010

7th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics

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A hollow waveguide michelson interferometer

Banerji

Davies

Jenkins³

2013

2013 Conference on Lasers &Amp; Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC

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In earlier work we demonstrated the use of hollow waveguides to guide light between the individual components of an optical circuit integrated into a common substrate [1]. The approach leads to compact rugged systems with excellent optical performance. As illustrated in Fig. 1a, we propose the application of the concept to a Michelson interferometer. Here hollow waveguides are used to guide the input radiation to an integrated 45° beam splitter/combiner, then to the arm mirrors of the interferometer and ultimately to an external detector. In practice the hollow waveguides are formed as square-section channels in the substrate in conjunction with a lid.Compared with a free-space implementation of the Michelson interferometer, the light guidance provided by the hollow waveguides (albeit of a weakly guiding nature) makes the interferometer's performance far less sensitive to angular misalignment of: (i) the input beam, (ii) the beam splitter, and, (iii) the arm mirrors. As an example, the calculations in Fig. 1b show predicted peak-to-peak power modulation as a function of angular misalignment of one of the arm mirrors. Fig. 1b (upper), relates to an interferometer operating at a wavelength λ = 1.06 μm with hollow waveguides of cross-section w = 0.5 mm, and Fig. 1b (lower), to an interferometer with λ = 10.6 μm and waveguides of cross-section w = 1.0 mm. In both cases the four hollow waveguide arms are 100 mm long and the well-aligned mirror is mounted on a PZT to provide phase modulation. The other interferometer arm mirror is in a mount that facilitates accurate angular misalignment (tilt) about a single axis. Fig. 1 μ μThe results clearly indicate the hollow waveguide implementation is significantly less sensitive to angular misalignment than the free-space equivalent. Separately we have calculated that for a given operational wavelength the sensitivity to angular misalignment decreases with waveguide cross-section and is independent of interferometer arm length. The concept has the potential to provide a valuable advance in Michelson interferometer technology for sensing, metrology and spectrometry. It should also be broadly applicable to other forms of interferometer for a wide variety of applications. Details of the design concepts, the calculations that have been undertaken and the plans for a practical demonstration of the approach, will be described. References[1] R.

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Hollow optical waveguide devices and systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A hollow waveguide integrated optic QCL beam combiner

A hollow waveguide integrated optic QCL beam combiner

Waveguides for mid-infrared group IV photonics

A hollow waveguide michelson interferometer

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