Holly polyphenols alleviate intestinal inflammation and alter microbiota composition in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs

Abstract

The effect of holly polyphenols (HP) on intestinal inflammation and microbiota composition was evaluated in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury. A total of twenty-four piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design including diet type and LPS challenge. After 16 d of feeding with a basal diet supplemented with or without 250 mg/kg HP, pigs were challenged with LPS (100 μg/kg body weight) or an equal volume of saline for 4 h, followed by analysis of disaccharidase activities, gene expression levels of several representative tight junction proteins and inflammatory mediators, the SCFA concentrations and microbiota composition in intestinal contents as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Our results indicated that HP enhanced intestinal disaccharidase activities and reduced plasma proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-challenged piglets. Moreover, HP up-regulated mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins such as claudin-1 and occludin. In addition, bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HP altered hindgut microbiota composition by enriching Prevotella and enhancing SCFA production following LPS challenge. These results collectively suggest that HP is capable of alleviating LPS-triggered intestinal injury by improving intestinal disaccharidase activities, barrier function and SCFA production, while reducing intestinal inflammation.

Dietary resveratrol attenuation of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage is linked to the alteration of gut microbiota and butyrate in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol

“…Many studies have reported that DON can induce inflammation in vivo and in vitro [ 9 , 11 , 30 , 38 ]. Meanwhile, a large number of studies with either porcine intestinal epithelial cell culture or experimental pig models of inflammation have convincingly demonstrated that polyphenols are capable of suppressing experimentally induced inflammation [ 11 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 46 ]. Thus, we hypothesized that RES supplementation also exerts beneficial effects on the intestine by alleviating the DON-induced intestinal inflammatory response.…”

Effects of Probiotics BaSC06 on Intestinal Digestion and Absorption, Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota Composition, and Macrophage Polarization in Pigs for Fattening

“…Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota affect animal health, such that we can improve animal health by changing the composition of their intestinal microbiota. For example, adding Holly polyphenols in pigs diet alleviated LPS-triggered intestinal injury by altering microbiota composition while reducing intestinal inflammation (87). In the human intestine, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are dominant, while Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia etc.…”

Evaluation of Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenols on the Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Growth of Gilt Progeny

“…Encouragingly, a holly extract rich in polyphenols and tannins has been shown to alleviate gastrointestinal inflammation in LPS challenged weaned piglets with reduced IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations being reported [38]. Furthermore, holly supplemented diets altered intestinal microbiota in LPS challenged weaned piglets and improved their intestinal barrier function with upregulation of tight junction proteins such as claudin-1 and occludin observed [38]. These results were seen in response to an inclusion of a commercial holly polyphenol product containing 65.5% total polyphenols.…”