a causal explanation for the official narrative, whereas (2) and (3) take the official narrative as the main causal factor shaping citizens' opinions and actions. Adjudicating these contentions on why nonstate domestic actors sometimes become elements of continuity, rather than change, would have implications beyond the two cases discussed in this book. In conclusion, Dark Pasts will be a reference for studies of memory politics in all parts of the world with troubled pasts. The book's excellence in collecting and analyzing archival and interview data should guide historically informed social science scholarship. The theoretical framework and the findings give scholars of history, memory, human rights, nationalism, and international relations much to think about and debate.