Holocene climate variability in Europe: Evidence from δ18O, textural and extension-rate variations in three speleothems

McDermott, Frank; Frisia, Silvia; Huang, Yiming; Longinelli, A.; Spiro, Baruch; Heaton, T.H.E.; Hawkesworth, Chris J.; Borsato, Andrea; Keppens, Eddy; Fairchild, Ian J.; Borg, Klaas van der; Verheyden, Sophie; Selmo, E.

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00107-3

Cited by 212 publications

(158 citation statements)

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“…This supports growing evidence for bio-influenced calcium carbonate precipitation in caves (Banks et al, 2010) and suggests that some speleothem fabrics, such as D, may be the result of bio-influenced mineralization. McDermott et al (1999) documented for the first time the dendritic fabric in stalagmites from Crag Cave, and reported that the layers consisting of D fabric were characterized by more positive δ 13 C values relative to C fabric layers in the same specimen. This phenomenon was attributed to more enhanced CO 2 degassing during D fabric formation.…”

Section: Dendritic Fabricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coding of fabrics proposed here to produce follows that already used by McDermott et al (1999) and ascribes the lowest numbers to primary fabrics whose accepted model of formation implies relatively constant drips (hydrologic stability), and parent waters characterized by relatively low supersaturation state with respect to calcite and with low concentration of inorganic and/or organic "additives" to the solution. These are the columnar proper (C) and Columnar open (Co) fabrics (Table 1).…”

Section: Codes and Microstratigraphic Loggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The documentation of fabrics in a petrographic log was pioneered in a speleothem-based European Holocene palaeoclimate reconstruction (McDermott et al, 1999). The log highlighted for the first time that certain fabrics, such as a scaffold-like dendritic fabric, coincided with systematic shifts to 13 C-enriched calcite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frisia¹

2015

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Section: Dendritic Fabricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Codes and Microstratigraphic Loggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frisia¹

2015

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“…It is ideally suited because it is small, largely undisturbed, and one of the most extensively monitored cave sites worldwide (e.g. Borsato 1997;McDermott et al 1999;Huang et al 2001;Frisia et al 2003;Borsato et al 2007). The hillslope vegetation above the cave consists of C 3 plants, mostly conifers, seasonal shrubs, and grass.…”

Section: Choice Of Model Parameters Cave Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

2011

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ABSTRACT. The imprint of the radiocarbon bomb peak was detected in the top of stalagmite ER-77 from Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy). This recently grown stalagmite reveals a reservoir age, also known as dead carbon fraction (dcf), of ~1050 14 C yr, or 12%. By applying a 14 C soil-karst model, the age spectrum of soil organic matter (SOM) as well as the CO 2 contribution of the single SOM reservoirs to the total soil CO 2 can be derived. Under the assumption of constant vegetation, meaning both vegetation density and the age spectrum of SOM, it is possible to derive the soil-air 14 C activity of the past using the 14 C calibration curve (IntCal04). Hence, it is also possible to calculate an artificial stalagmite 14 C data set covering the last 25,000 yr with parameters determined for stalagmite ER-77. With this artificially constructed data set, we derived the hypothetical atmospheric 14 C activity by using the common method of applying a constant dcf on the modeled 14 C data set of the stalagmite. This theoretical approach allows to analyze the impact of a constant and variable SOM age spectrum on atmospheric 14 C reconstructions performed with real stalagmite 14 C measurements. We observe deviations between IntCal04 and the atmospheric 14 C activity as derived with our modeled 14 C data set, which are larger for older SOM than for younger SOM and vary in time up to 2 pMC, depending on the strength of the variations in the atmospheric 14 C level. This value is comparable with the 1- uncertainty given by IntCal04 for the last glacial. For a varying SOM age spectrum, the deviations between the calibration curve and 14 C level of the atmosphere reconstructed with a stalagmite exceed 3 pMC, which is larger than the 1- uncertainty of IntCal04. In general, the SOM has smoothing, shifting, and 14 C-depleting effects on the stalagmite 14 C record and, therefore, on the stalagmite-derived atmospheric 14 C activity. In this study, changes in soil-air pCO 2 and carbonate dissolution conditions, which have also an important impact on the 14 C record of a stalagmite, are not accounted for.

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“…This cave is ideally suited for this study because it is small, largely undisturbed, and one of the most extensively monitored cave sites worldwide (e.g. Borsato 1997;McDermott et al 1999;Huang et al 2001;Frisia et al 2003;Borsato et al 2007). The vegetation above the cave consists entirely of C 3 plants in a mixed forest association, with predominant Picea abies and subordinate Fagus sylvatica, plus seasonal shrubs and grass.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influences of Hydrology on the Radiogenic and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Cave Drip Water, Grotta di Ernesto (Italy)

et al. 2010

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ABSTRACT. 14 C and  13 C values of C-containing species in cave drip waters are mainly controlled by the C isotope composition of karst rock and soil air, as well as by soil carbon dynamics, in particular the amount of soil CO 2 in the unsaturated soil zone and the process of calcite dissolution. Here, we investigate soil carbon dynamics by analyzing the 14 C activity and  13 C values of C dissolved in cave drip water. Monthly over a 2-yr period, we collected drip water from 2 drip sites, one fast and one relatively slow, within the shallow Grotta di Ernesto Cave (NE Italy). The 14 C data reveal a pronounced annual cycle. In contrast, the  13 C values do not show an annual pattern and only small interannual variability compared to the  13 C values of soil waters. The annual 14 C drip-water cycle is a function of drip-rate variability, soil moisture, and ultimately hydrology.

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Holocene climate variability in Europe: Evidence from δ18O, textural and extension-rate variations in three speleothems

Cited by 212 publications

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The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites

The Influences of Hydrology on the Radiogenic and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Cave Drip Water, Grotta di Ernesto (Italy)

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Holocene climate variability in Europe: Evidence from δ18O, textural and extension-rate variations in three speleothems

Cited by 212 publications

References 0 publications

Untitled

Untitled

The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric 14C Levels Via Stalagmites

The Influences of Hydrology on the Radiogenic and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Cave Drip Water, Grotta di Ernesto (Italy)

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The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Age Spectrum on the Reconstruction of Atmospheric ¹⁴C Levels Via Stalagmites