Holocene glacier fluctuations in South America and Antarctica

Clapperton, Chalmers M.; Sugden, David E.

doi:10.1016/0277-3791(88)90005-4

Cited by 168 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As ice-shelves have started to retreat now can we interpret the patterns of colonisation with a view to explaining how recolonisation may have happened in the past? When ice-shelves expanded and bulldozed shallow faunas to the shelfedges (Clapperton and Sugden, 1988), were their refuge shelf areas that were not covered and can we link these periods in time to extinctions and subsequent radiations? Are larvae and/or adults crossing the Polar Frontal Zone regularly and are they doing so naturally or aided by man?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing chain: past, present and future of the Scotia Arc's and Antarctica's shallow benthic communities

Barnes¹

2005

Sci. Mar.

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When the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana disintegrated and the fragments drifted apart to form continents, Antarctica became very isolated over the geographic south pole. From its former near-subtropical forests, Antarctica has become the coldest, windiest, driest and highest continent that is almost entirely covered with ice sheets several kilometres thick. The Circumpolar Current that developed in ARNTZ, G.A. LOVRICH and S. THATJE (eds.) Changing chain: past, present and future of the Scotia Arc's and Antarctica's shallow benthic communities* DAVID K.A. BARNES British Antarctic Survey, N.E.R.C., High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, England. E-mail: dkab@bas.ac.uk SUMMARY: The Scotia Arc links Patagonia to the Antarctic Peninsula. This island chain has changed considerably since Antarctica's geographic and thermal isolation from other land and water masses. Now its rates of air, land and fresh-water climate change are among the highest measured. This review examines work on the shallow water benthos of this region in the context of climate change. In summer, primary productivity is as intense as anywhere, whilst in winter the water reaches unprecedented clarity. Suspension feeders may eat for just a few months but others feed all year. Growth and reproduction are up to 50x slower than non-polar rates. Life here is in the slow lane. There is intense summer disturbance from icescour and wave action. This has erased shore zonation and created it below the surface. In contrast to summer disturbance, the winter is among the calmest and most thermally stable environments, when the area is overlain by fast ice. Whilst few animal phyla or species are represented on land, phyletic richness-and in some groups species richness-rivals that of tropical regions. Data showing clines in benthic richness at several taxonomic levels across the Patagonia-South Georgia-Signy Is.-Adelaide Is. chain and 50 years of ice-sheet retreat are presented.Keywords: polar benthos, zonation, metabolism, suspension-feeding, growth, reproduction. RESUMEN: UNA CADENA CAMBIANTE: PASADO, PRESENTE Y FUTURO DE LAS COMUNIDADES BENTÓNICAS SOMERAS DEL ARCODE SCOTIA Y ANTÁRTIDA. -El Arco de Scotia conecta la Patagonia con la Península Antártica. Esta cadena de islas ha cambiado considerablemente desde el aislamiento geográfico y térmico de la Antártida respecto de otras masas de agua y tierra. Actualmente, esta área tiene las tasas de cambios climáticos más elevadas, tanto en aire, tierra y aguas continentales. En esta revisión, se examinan los estudios en las comunidades bentónicas de aguas someras en el contexto del cambio global. La productividad primaria es, durante el verano, tan intensa como en otras áreas, mientras que en invierno las aguas alcanzan una claridad sin precedentes. Los suspensívoros pueden alimentarse por apenas unos pocos meses, pero otros se alimentan durante todo el año. El crecimiento y la reproducción son hasta 50 veces más lentos que en los organismos no polares. La vida aquí está en el "carril lento". Durante...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing chain: past, present and future of the Scotia Arc's and Antarctica's shallow benthic communities

Barnes¹

2005

Sci. Mar.

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“…2400-2200 yr BP, indicating that it corresponds to the second Neoglaciation. Aniya (1995) also dated the Pearson I moraine with 14 C to be 1600-900 yr BP, which corresponds to the third Neoglaciation that was supposed by Clapperton and Sugden (1988), instead of long-believed ca. 2300 yr BP proposed by Mercer (1965).…”

Section: Mercer's Schemementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Heusser (1960) dated sediments in a pond developed on the Témpanos I moraine to be 3610 ± 400 year before present (yr BP) and inferred the advance of Glaciar San Rafael at around 5000-4000 yr BP by considering the time required for sediment accumulation. However, although Muller (1959) provided no date, he considered the Témpanos I moraine to be of Lateglacial in age, a view of which was supported by Clapperton and Sugden (1988). In his book, Heusser (2003) argued for the Holocene, though, saying that their reasons to dismiss the possibility of the late Holocene in age are not compelling (p. 36).…”

Section: Hielo Patagónicomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clapperton and Sugden (1988) raised a question about this scheme of the three Holocene glaciations, after studying recent glaciations at the northern Andes (Peru, Bolivia, Columbia), Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia (Island), where they recognized four instead of three Holocene glaciations including one at 1300-1100 yr BP (Neoglaciation III at the northern Andes). However, at that time, there was no data from the Hielo Patagónico corresponding to 1300-1100 yr BP.…”

Section: Mercer's Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at that time, there was no data from the Hielo Patagónico corresponding to 1300-1100 yr BP. Aniya (1995Aniya ( , 1996, taking up the study of the Holocene glaciations after Mercer, identified and dated moraines at glaciares Tyndall, Upsala and Ameghino with 14 C, thereby obtaining dates including ones which are equivalent to the Neoglaciation III of Clapperton and Sugden (1988). At Glaciar Tyndall, Aniya (1995) identified four Neoglacial advances for the first time in Patagonia at ca.…”

Section: Mercer's Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

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