Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon variability from the core monsoon zone of India, a pollen-based review

Ali, Sheikh Nawaz; Dubey, Jyotsna; Shekhar, Mayank; Morthekai, P.

doi:10.1080/00173134.2019.1629695

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Pollen based palaeoclimatic reconstructions from the core monsoon zone (roughly from 18.0°N to 28.0°N, and 65.0°E to 88.0°E) of India suggest a warm and moist climate with moderate ISM precipitation during ~1.5 to 0.8 cal. yr BP (Ali et al, 2019), while the Rewalsar lake (NW Himalaya) records a reduced precipitation and weak ISM conditions during 1.5 to 1.07 ka BP, correlated with an ice rafted detritus (IRD) event of the North Atlantic (Bond Event 1) (Singh et al, 2020).…”

Section: Late-holocene Lake Level Fluctuation Of the Pangong Tsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Holocene hydrological variability from the NW Himalaya and southwestern Tibetan Plateau: Paleo-salinity records from Pangong Tso

et al. 2023

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Variations in lake-levels and hydrology are connected to climatic dynamics over the Trans-Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (TP). Pangong Tso, a ~140 km long hypersaline lake, is sensitive to changes in air temperature, precipitation and snow-glacier melt over the southwestern TP. The incised tributaries entering the lake expose deltaic sequences constituting topset, foreset and bottomset. Sedimentology, chronology and diatom analysis of delta sediments; and stable isotopic and sclerochronological analysis of gastropods helped delineate the Late-Holocene variation in lake levels, surface temperature and salinity. The elevation of the topsets is considered as representing past lake high-stands from where molluscs were also recovered. Three phased lake level changes are observed during the past 3 ka. The first high-stand (+1.4–3.0 m) was at ~2.8–2.0 ka when lake surface salinity and temperature were 4.67–6.01 ppt (parts per thousand) and 5°C–7°C, respectively, against the modern average values of 7.7 ± 0.09 ppt and 16.1°C ± 2.0°C. Followed by a brief decline, another high-stand (+3.0–3.6 m) is observed at 1.1 ka when the salinity is reduced to 4.03–5.72 ppt and lake surface temperature to 5°C–8°C. A corresponding increase in freshwater diatom concentration is also observed here. The third phase over the past 1 ka witnessed a fall of ~3.6–6 m in lake level that is attributed to an abrupt rise in aridity over the TP. We demonstrate that lake level variation in the region is a function of the variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the westerlies, however during the high-stand, the hydrology of the lake was dominated by ISM precipitation.

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Section: Late-holocene Lake Level Fluctuation Of the Pangong Tsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Holocene hydrological variability from the NW Himalaya and southwestern Tibetan Plateau: Paleo-salinity records from Pangong Tso

et al. 2023

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“…Climatic amelioration from ~2.9 to 2.7 cal kyrs BP is followed by further decline in precipitation at ~2.7-2.4, ~2.4–2.3 cal kyrs BP and at 2.1 cal kyrs BP. Ali et al (2019) extracted a 13 m sediment core from Penzi-la Pass, Zanskar Valley in the NW Himalaya and carried out geochemical and sedimentological analysis on it. The data suggested a weak phase of ISM with a cold and dry climate between ~5 and 4 cal kyrs BP which ameliorated at ~4.5–3.4 cal kyrs BP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A gradual decline in precipitation is observed from ~ 3.7 to 3.0 cal kyrs BP with spells of drought centered at ~3.4, ~3.2, and ~3.0 cal kyrs BP. Climatic amelioration from ~2.9 to 2.7 cal kyrs BP is followed by further decline in precipitation at ~2.7-2.4, ~2.4-2.3 cal kyrs BP and at 2.1 cal kyrs BP Ali et al (2019). extracted a 13 m sediment core from Penzi-la Pass, Zanskar Valley in the NW Himalaya and carried out geochemical and sedimentological analysis on it.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigating possible links between Holocene environmental changes and cultural transitions across India

Behera

Chauhan

2023

The Holocene

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From the early Holocene onward, the Indian Subcontinent has accommodated a range of diverse human cultures and associated ecological adaptations and lifestyles. Around 10 kyrs ago, the Subcontinent has witnessed the development of later Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and their subsequent regional transitions to pastoralist (Neolithic) and agricultural (Chalcolithic) lifeways. The Holocene climate records reveal discrepancies in the timing and duration of climatic events, which can be attributed to a vast geographic isolation, the influence of height, elevation, and local climatic conditions. These changing climatic patterns including the development of a geographically variable monsoon directly impacted these various cultures including the Harappans and their contemporaries as well as younger Historical and Medieval empires across India, at various levels. In some regions, environmental changes led to uneven cultural transitions, geographic migrations, and the development of regionally-distinct material cultures along with establishment of sedentary life-ways. This paper attempts to present a review broadly correlating general climatic patterns throughout the Holocene period of India with regional cultural dynamics. All geomorphic-climatic zones of the Subcontinent showed strong inter-proxy coherence between 9 and 5 kyrs in response to increased precipitation. After this warming period ends, we see a moderate dry period as a result of a weakening monsoon and an overall tendency toward aridity throughout all zones (after 4 kyrs). The temporal variation of human habitation and respective adaptive responses suggest broad linkages to the varying climatic and physiographic features at a regional scale. Learning how this shaped human eco-dynamics in the past can help us expand our understanding of human history and implement lessons for the present as well as the future.

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“…In the boreal summer, a low-pressure cell forms in the Indian subcontinent due to rapidly heating up of the landmass, trapping moisture-loaded monsoon from the Indian ocean, causing abundant precipitation, and forming the ISM (Indian summer monsoon) (Ali et al, 2019; Huguet et al, 2018; Li et al, 2016). As one of the paramount components of Asian monsoon and global atmospheric circulation system, the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) plays an extremely important role in shaping natural environment, maintaining ecological balance and blooming cultural development (Chen et al, 2014; Cook et al, 2013; Govil and Divakar Naidu, 2011; Wang et al, 2005; Webster et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, impeded by the short time span of the instrumental data with limited variation (Ali et al, 2019;Misra et al, 2019), many ISM paleoclimate records based on different archives have been successively established, including ice core records (Thompson et al, 1997(Thompson et al, , 2000(Thompson et al, , 2003(Thompson et al, , 2006, lacustrine sediment records (Günther et al, 2015;Kasper et al, 2012;Wei and Gasse, 1999;Zhu et al, 2009), peat records (Yu et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2011), stalagmite records (Cai et al, 2012;Kathayat et al, 2017;Sinha et al, 2011) etc. Chen et al (2020) summarized the ISM records over the TP, and suggested that the warm period coincided with the solar insolation maximum occurring in the early to middle Holocene, while the humidity records showed different distribution patterns: humidity optimum on the southwestern TP occurred at the early Holocene, while the northeastern in the middle to late-Holocene (Chen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into pattern divergence of the Indian summer monsoon during the Holocene

Zhang

et al. 2022

The Holocene

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As one of the paramount components of Asian monsoon and global atmospheric circulation system, the ISM (Indian summer monsoon) plays a vitally important role in the natural environment, ecological balance, and cultural development. Moreover, understanding the ISM could provide valuable insights into global hydrological, atmospheric, and carbon cycles. In recent decades, many ISM records based on different archives have been established within the Holocene, however, issues still remain: the TP (Tibetan Plateau) and the Indian subcontinent are often analyzed separately, despite the both are strongly influenced by the ISM, impeding comprehensive understanding of the monsoon and its object relationship with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Here, covering the both regions, 65 published paleoclimate records within the Holocene have been collected, and conclusions are drawn as follow: (1) There are two evolution patterns of the ISM during the Holocene. The first pattern with the Holocene Optimum (HO) at ~10–6 ka BP, mainly distributing in the Arabian Sea and its surrounding areas, the Indian subcontinent, western central TP, northern TP, and southern China. The second pattern with the HO at ~8–3 ka BP, mainly distributing in the Bay of Bengal and its surrounding areas and southern TP. (2) The delay between the optimum of the second pattern and insolation maximum may be caused by the variation of high-latitude ice cover, although the underlying mechanism concerning the spatial distribution of the two patterns is still unclear. (3) The ISM and the EASM evolve synchronously, and share similar pattern divergence. Arguments over this issue mainly owe to the selected records originating from different patterns. This study makes up the gap in the pattern divergence of monsoon evolution, deepening the understanding of the ISM, even entire Asian monsoon system, and therefore is of great significance for future climate prediction.

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Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon variability from the core monsoon zone of India, a pollen-based review

Cited by 9 publications

References 80 publications

Late-Holocene hydrological variability from the NW Himalaya and southwestern Tibetan Plateau: Paleo-salinity records from Pangong Tso

Late-Holocene hydrological variability from the NW Himalaya and southwestern Tibetan Plateau: Paleo-salinity records from Pangong Tso

Investigating possible links between Holocene environmental changes and cultural transitions across India

New insight into pattern divergence of the Indian summer monsoon during the Holocene

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