Holographic Bragg gratings in a photoresponsive cross-linked polymer–liquid-crystal composite

Yoshimoto, Naoki; Morino, Shin’ya; Nakagawa, Masaru; Ichimura, Kunihiro

doi:10.1364/ol.27.000182

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…From the mathematical point of view phase demodulation of a single FP is an ill-posed problem because of the inherent sign ambiguity [140]. The phase distributions ϕ 1 (x, y) = (x 2 + y 2 ), ϕ 2 (x, y) = −(x 2 + y 2 ), ϕ 3 (x, y) = W (x 2 + y 2 ) , ϕ 4 (x, y) = (x 2 + y 2 ) at x ≤ 0 and −(x 2 + y 2 ) at x > 0 create the same FP [30,247], as follows from cos ϕ 1 = cos ϕ 3 = cos ϕ 3 = cos ϕ 4 ; W(.)…”

Section: Single Frame Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase distributions ϕ 1 (x, y) = (x 2 + y 2 ), ϕ 2 (x, y) = −(x 2 + y 2 ), ϕ 3 (x, y) = W (x 2 + y 2 ) , ϕ 4 (x, y) = (x 2 + y 2 ) at x ≤ 0 and −(x 2 + y 2 ) at x > 0 create the same FP [30,247], as follows from cos ϕ 1 = cos ϕ 3 = cos ϕ 3 = cos ϕ 4 ; W(.) This makes impossible derivation of a unique solution from the observed data without introduction of prior constraints in the demodulation algorithm [140,247]. This makes impossible derivation of a unique solution from the observed data without introduction of prior constraints in the demodulation algorithm [140,247].…”

Section: Single Frame Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is a phase wrapping operator. Filtering an image or phase unwrapping of noisy images are also ill-posed problems due to unknown information near the borders of the filter and noise-generated inconsistencies [140]. Filtering an image or phase unwrapping of noisy images are also ill-posed problems due to unknown information near the borders of the filter and noise-generated inconsistencies [140].…”

Section: Single Frame Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In global class algorithms the solution is formulated in terms of minimization of a global function. The region-based approach, proposed initially by Geldorf [136] and upgraded by other researchers [119,128,137,138,139,140] relies on forming uniform regions of continuous phase. All the algorithms in this class are known to be robust but computationally intensive.…”

Section: Phase Unwrappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Television

2008

Signals and Communication Technology

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Section: Single Frame Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Frame Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Frame Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Unwrappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Television

2008

Signals and Communication Technology

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“…Others polymers that can be crosslinked are those containing vinyl bonds in the main chain 11,[15][16][17] . Polymers containing crosslinkable functional groups are interesting since they have practical applications in optoelectronics 18 . On the other hand, research on photonic devices using organic materials has received much attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Fluorescent Crosslinked Aromatic Polyamides Containing Thiopheneand Furane in Their Backbone

Sánchez

Sobarzo

Gatica

et al. 2015

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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New fluorescent crosslinked aromatic polyamides containing phenylen, thiophene and furane groups in the main chain were synthesized by self-condensation from 3-(5-aminothiophen-2-yl)propenoic acid, 3-(5-aminofuran-2-yl)propenoic acid and 3-(4-((5-aminothiophen-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenyl)propenoic acid using the phosphorylation method and triphenylphosphite as initiator. The amino compounds were obtained from 3-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)propenoic acid, 3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)propenoic acid and 3-(4-((5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenyl)propenoic by selective reduction of each nitro group and was confirmed by 1 H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Crosslinking of polyamides ocurr by mechanism between vinyl side groups reacts with the vinyl carbon of another chain, giving rise to interchain linear crosslinking. Depending on the structure the polymers have higher degree of crosslinking. Some vinyl groups react by thermal treatmentat 200 ºC. Partially crosslinked polyamides with high emission fluorescence were obtained. Consequently amide bond formation, crosslinking and conjugation are the main factors that influence the fluorescence process. While polymers have several factors that affect the fluorescence, we believe that the most significant is the crosslinking of vinyl bonds. Subsequent thermal treatment of polyamides provoked crosslinking increase and fluorescence loss. The effect of the chemical structure was correlated with the thermal decomposition. Polyamides were characterized by UV-visible, FT-IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, inherent viscosity and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized polyamides exhibited potential for heat sensitive devices application since the fluorescence can be activated or quenched according to a heating process.

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Effects of the chirality and functionality of monomers on the holographic gratings formed in photosensitive films

Liu

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Photosensitive holographic polymer films were fabricated. Instead of liquid crystals, a nonreactive high-refractive-index diphenyl sulfide was mixed with several monomers and an initiator for the preparation of the holographic grating films. To investigate the formation of periodic arrays of the photosensitive refractive-index modulation films and the effects of the chirality and functionality of monomers on the diffraction efficiency, chiral monomeric (Ϫ)-bornyl acrylate, (ϩ)-bornyl acrylate, and the racemate (Ϯ)-bornyl acrylate were synthesized and copolymerized with various multifunctional monomers. A reasonable schematic of the photosensitive polymerization mechanism was proposed. The effects of the multifunctional monomers, initiator concentrations, and feed monomer concentrations on the diffraction efficiencies were investigated. The morphologies of the polymer matrices were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Pictures of real light diffraction patterns with 15 grating points were obtained. In comparison with those described in the literature, the diffraction efficiency obtained in this investigation was relatively high.

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Holographic Bragg gratings in a photoresponsive cross-linked polymer–liquid-crystal composite

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Three-Dimensional Television

Three-Dimensional Television

New Fluorescent Crosslinked Aromatic Polyamides Containing Thiopheneand Furane in Their Backbone

Effects of the chirality and functionality of monomers on the holographic gratings formed in photosensitive films

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