Holography Using Curved Metasurfaces

Burch, J. M.; Falco, Andrea Di

doi:10.3390/photonics6010008

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[1,44] Another class of devices, which has recently stirred conspicuous interests, is represented by flat-optics realized on flexible materials. [45][46][47][48] Flexibility allows conformal integration on general surfaces, including biocompatible materials, opening a wide range of applications in integrated optoelectronics for sensing and soft medical devices, such as contact lenses. [49][50][51][52] A major hurdle in this field is performance degradation when the device operates in deformed conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Scalable Flat‐Optics on Flexible Substrates via Evolutionary Neural Networks

Makarenko

Wang

Burguete-Lopez

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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In the past 20 years, flat‐optics has emerged as a promising light manipulation technology, surpassing bulk optics in performance, versatility, and miniaturization capabilities. As of today, however, this technology is yet to find widespread commercial applications. One of the challenges is obtaining scalable and highly efficient designs that can withstand the fabrication errors associated with nanoscale manufacturing techniques. This problem becomes more severe in flexible structures, in which deformations appear naturally when flat‐optics structures are conformally applied to, for example, biocompatible substrates. Herein, an inverse design platform that enables the fast design of flexible flat‐optics that maintain high performance under deformations of their original geometry is presented. The platform leverages on suitably designed evolutionary large‐scale optimizers, equipped with fast‐trained neural network predictors based on encoder decoder architectures. This approach supports the implementation of flexible flat‐optics robust to both fabrication errors or user‐defined perturbation stress. This method is validated by a series of experiments in which broadband flexible light polarizers, which maintain an average polarization efficiency of 80% over 200 nm bandwidths when measured under large mechanical deformations, are realized. These results could be helpful for the realization of a robust class of flexible flat‐optics for biosensing, imaging, and biomedical devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Scalable Flat‐Optics on Flexible Substrates via Evolutionary Neural Networks

Makarenko

Wang

Burguete-Lopez

et al. 2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…The phase-only holograms were designed using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm [49] with the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld [50,51] propagator to model the propagation of light between the metasurface plane and the holographic image plane. To take into account the shape of the beam, we used a Gaussian beam as the source profile, with a beam waist of 2 cm.…”

Section: Design and Multiplexing Of Hologramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Dependent Conformable Holographic Metasurfaces

Xiao

Hunter

Robertson

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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realizing metasurfaces on flexible substrates is a good way to find practical applications in the real world as they can be conformed to non-flat objects, also in the visible range. [44,45] Their optical response can be coupled [45] or decoupled [46] to their geometrical form, depending on whether the application requires robustness or sensitivity with respect to the shape that they assume. This offers the possibility to multiplex information on to the shape of the metasurface, creating adaptive elements, for example for reconfigurable antennas, photonic skin, or signature control. While previous works have controlled the response of metasurfaces via stretching, [47,48] true shape-multiplexing has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of conformable metasurfaces which display different holographic images depending on their curvature, as sketched in Figure 1.In the following, we first present our design approach for the multiplexed holograms and for the metasurfaces. We then describe the experimental setup and present and discuss the results. The practical demonstration of our approach was done in the W-band (94 GHz), bending the metasurfaces into cylindrical shapes with opposite curvatures, in reflection configuration as exemplified in Figure 1. For the sake of clarity, the incident light is not shown. It should be noted that our design approach could be readily extended to other frequency domains, albeit with some caveats discussed below. Design and Multiplexing of HologramsThe phase-only holograms were designed using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm [49] with the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld [50,51] propagator to model the propagation of light between the metasurface plane and the holographic image plane. To take into account the shape of the beam, we used a Gaussian beam as the source profile, with a beam waist of 2 cm. The intensity profile of the collimated incident beam is shown as Figure S1a, Supporting Information.To encode two images with different curvatures into one design, we calculated the independent holograms for the two different curvatures and interleaved the resulting phase profiles, as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2a,d shows the two independent target images to be obtained when the metasurface assumes the convex and concave cylindrical shape curvatures in Figure 2b,e, with radius of curvature R1 = 35 mm and R2 = −100 mm, respectively. R is defined as the radius of a circle that fits the sample holder, and + and -are used to distinguish In this paper, the design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of conformable holographic metasurfaces are reported. Here, it is shown that the produced holographic image changes as the metasurface is applied to targets with different shapes. The demonstration is based on a reflective type metasurface, where the reflected polarization is perpendicular to that of the incident light. In addition, how the parameters of the metasurface determine the quality of the images produced and the ability to produce ...

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Quaternary Supramolecular Nanoparticles as a Photoerasable Luminescent Ink and Photocontrolled Cell‐Imaging Agent

Chen

Dai

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Photoswitchable luminescent supramolecular assemblies based on cyclodextrins have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential applications as smart materials, but most of the assemblies reported to date emit green or blue light with low contrast and high interference. In this study, novel photoluminescent red‐luminescent quaternary supramolecular nanoparticles (2) are constructed from a dithienylethene derivative (1), a β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized ruthenium complex (Ru‐HOP‐CD), Pluronic F‐127, and cetrimonium bromide. Compared with the binary assembly 1@Ru‐HOP‐CD, the quaternary nanoparticles exhibit high fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency, with Ru‐HOP‐CD acting as the donor and 1 as the acceptor. Owing to the reversible photoswitched interconversion of the two forms of the dithienylethene component, the fluorescence of the nanoparticles could be switched on/off by irradiation with UV or visible light, both in solution and in the solid state. As a result, the nanoparticles could be used as a photoerasable red‐luminescent ink and as a photocontrolled cell‐imaging agent. These functional nanoparticles can be expected to be useful in the fields of information security and biology.

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Holography Using Curved Metasurfaces

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Robust and Scalable Flat‐Optics on Flexible Substrates via Evolutionary Neural Networks

Robust and Scalable Flat‐Optics on Flexible Substrates via Evolutionary Neural Networks

Shape Dependent Conformable Holographic Metasurfaces

Quaternary Supramolecular Nanoparticles as a Photoerasable Luminescent Ink and Photocontrolled Cell‐Imaging Agent

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