Holophaga foetida

Abstract

A polyphasic approach was used in which genotypic and phenotypic properties of a gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a black anoxic freshwater mud sample were determined. Based on these results, the name Holophaga foetida gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. This microorganism produced dimethylsulfide and methanethiol during growth on trimethoxybenzoate or syringate. The only other compounds utilized were pyruvate and trihydroxybenzenes such as gallate, phloroglucinol, or pyrogallol. The aromatic compounds were degraded to acetate. Although comparison of the signature nucleotide pattern of the five established subclasses of Proteobacteria with the 16S rDNA sequence of Holophaga foetida revealed a relationship to members of the delta-subclass, the phylogenetic position within the radiation of this class is so deep and dependent upon the number and selection of reference sequences that its affiliation to the Proteobacteria must be considered tentative. The type strain is H. foetida strain TMBS4 (DSM 6591).

Papillibacter cinnamivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a cinnamate-transforming bacterium from a shea cake digester.

“…Pure cultures with the ability to ferment aromatic compounds include Coprococcus sp. (Patel et al, 1981) member of the low-GjC-containing Gram-positive branch, Pelobacter acidigallici (Schink & Pfennig, 1982) and Pelobacter massiliensis (Schnell et al, 1991), members of the Proteobacteria, which de-aromatize aromatic compounds such as gallate, resorcinol and phloroglucinol to produce acetate, Holophaga foetida (Liesack et al, 1994), a member of the Proteobacteria, and Sporobacter termitidis (Grech-Mora et al, 1996), a member of the low-GjC-containing Gram-positive branch, are unusual in that they first transfer the etherlinked methyl groups to sulfide-producing methanethiol or dimethylsulfide followed by de-aromatization of the aromatic ring structure. Until recently, monohydroxylated aromatic compounds were considered undegradable by anaerobes, but recently Sporotomaculum hydroxybenzoicum (Brauman et al, 1998), a member of the low-GjC-containing Gram-positive S. Defnoun and others branch, has been shown to degrade 3-hydroxybenzoate via the benzoyl-CoA pathway subsequent to the removal of the hydroxyl group.…”

Clostridium methoxybenzovorans sp. nov., a new aromatic o-demethylating homoacetogen from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester

“…A number of these compounds are degraded by some anaerobic, acetogenic and homoacetogenic bacteria. Sporobacter termitidis (Grech-Mora et al, 1997) and Holophaga foetida (Liesack et al, 1994) are two such homoacetogens that cleave the rings of the methoxylated aromatic compounds syringate, sinapate, 3,4,5-…”

The first representative of the globally widespread subdivision 6 Acidobacteria, Vicinamibacter silvestris gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from subtropical savannah soil

“…The two genera, Bryobacter (Kulichevskaya et al, 2010) and Paludibaculum (Kulichevskaya et al, 2014), fall into sd3. The eight genera Blastocatella (Foesel et al, 2013), Pyrinomonas (Crowe et al, 2013), Aridibacter (Huber et al, 2014), Chloracidobacterium (Tank & Bryant, 2015), Tellurimicrobium , Stenotrophobacter , Brevitalea (Wüst et al, 2016) and Arenimicrobium (Wüst et al, 2016) into sd4 and the three genera Holophaga (Liesack et al, 1994), Geothrix (Coates et al, 1999) and Acanthopleuribacter (Fukunaga et al, 2008) into sd8. Finally, the genus 'Thermotomaculum' (Izumi et al, 2012) is a representative of sd10 and the genus Thermoanaerobaculum (Losey et al, 2013) a member of sd23.…”