Holothuria Leucospilota Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Lipid Metabolism Regulation

Abstract

Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) are expected to become potential resources for the treatment of hyperlipidemia because of their various bioactivities. In the study, the treatment of HLP on improving hyperlipidemia in rats was explored. Oral administration of HLP at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight effectively alleviated serum lipid levels and liver histological abnormalities in high-fat-diet rats. HLP regulated abnormal mRNA, lipogenesis-related hormones and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12) levels. HLP improved the ability of gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have been found to ameliorate liver lesions. Therefore, HLP alleviated hyperlipidemia by improving the levels of SCFAs to regulate lipid metabolism. These results indicated that HLP could be used as beneficial polysaccharides to alleviate hyperlipidemia.

Lipid Inhibitory Effect of (−)-loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Inhibitory Mechanism of Adipose-Specific Proteins

“…However, relatively low inhibitory effects of marine natural products on lipid metabolism were reported compared to those from land plants. Hypolipidemic effects of marine-derived polysaccharides have been reported [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Nevertheless, few anti-obesity studies have been published on marine peptides, polyphenolic compounds, and pigments [ 23 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Disorders to Study Molecular Mechanism of Hyperlipidemia in Rats

“…However, in macrophages, ER stress causes increased inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and production of ROS, which interfere with insulin signaling in hepatocytes and skeletal muscle (44,45). 1), reducing PUFAs in hepatocytes, causing oxidative stress, proinflammatory conditions, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver (2). In addition, it activates the transcription factor SREBP-1 (3).…”

“…This stimulated the migration of M1 macrophages. M1 macrophages infiltrate adipose tissue and secrete many pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (2,35,49). In addition to increasing the activity of M1 macrophages, HFD also decreases the activity of regulatory T cells and macrophages M2, both of which are anti-inflammatory cells (9).…”

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that include hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. Hyperlipidemia is a common health problem in society due to various factors such as genetics, gender, diet or diet, age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol intake, and high blood pressure [2]. Hyperlipidemia is characterized through elevated concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as properly as reduced concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C).…”

Determination of carbohydrates in the herbal antidiabetic mixtures by GC-MC

“…Powerful antioxidant properties of polysaccharides in a number of studies in vivo and in vitro, whose mechanism of action is not quite understood, have been observed (14,16,17). Plant carbohydrates have the ability to regulate lipid metabolism by lowering triglycerides and cholesterol, a disorder that occurs in diabetes and leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases and microcirculatory complications -diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy, the formation of diabetic foot (18,19). The carbohydrates achieve their hypoglycemic activity through increasing the insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon secretion, stimulation of β-cells proliferation and neogenesis (11,13).…”