HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne

Fraemke, Annika; Ferrari, Nina; Friesen, David; Haas, Fabiola; Klaudius, Marlen; Mahabir, Esther; Schmidt, Lisa; Joisten, Christine

doi:10.3390/ijerph19042442

“…Childhood obesity is a nutritional disorder in which energy intake exceeds human consumption for a long time, excess fat accumulation, and weight exceeds a certain range. With the change of dietary structure, the improvement of people's living standards, and the change of lifestyle, childhood obesity is increasing, which blocks children's growth and development, psychology, physique, intelligence, and behavior and seriously affects children's quality of life [ 24 , 25 ]. Childhood obesity is also a contributor in the increased morbidity and mortality of many chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood, making it an increasingly serious global public health problem [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Improvements and Vitamin D Supplementation Play an Important Role in the Prevention of Childhood Diabetes

Xu

¹

,

Yin

²

,

Yi

³

et al. 2022

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Objective. This study was to investigate the characteristics of insulin secretion and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in children with obesity. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted among children who underwent health checkups in the pediatric healthcare department of our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021, and they were divided into a normal group and an obese group according to their BMI. The insulin secretion and the 25(OH)D3 levels of the two groups of children were compared. A total of 721 children were included in the study, including 591 in the normal group and 130 in the obese group, with an obesity rate of 18.03%. Results. The blood glucose of the normal group was 4.55 ± 1.75 mmol/L, and the 2 h PG was 7.51 ± 2.11 mmol/L; in the obesity group, they were 6.03 ± 2.16 mmol/L and 8.92 ± 3.24 mmol/L, respectively. The FPG and 2 h PG in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (all P < 0.05 ). The incidence of IFG/IGT in the normal group was 5.24% (31/591), and the incidence of DM was 3.71% (22/591); the incidence of IFG/IGT in the obese group was 14.62% (19/130), and the incidence of DM was 13.08% (17/130). The incidences of IFG/IGT and DM in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group ( P < 0.05 ). The FINS of the children in the normal group was 18.46 ± 3.15 μU/mL, and the HOMA-IR was 2.64 ± 0.62 ; the above indicators in the obese group were 19.11 ± 4.72 μU/mL and 3.01 ± 0.83 , respectively. The FINS and HOMA-IR in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group ( P < 0.05 ). The serum 25(OH)D3 level in the normal group was 28.15 ± 5.27 ng/mL, of which 556 cases were normal in 25(OH)D3 and 35 cases were deficient in 25(OH)D3. The serum 25(OH)D3 level in the obese group was 24.35 ± 4.51 ng/mL, of which 112 cases were normal in 25(OH)D3 and 18 cases were deficient in 25(OH)D3. The level of serum 25(OH)D3 in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, and the ratio of 25(OH)D3 deficiency was significantly lower than that in the normal group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The blood glucose level of childhood obesity was significantly increased, the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism and diabetes was significantly increased, and the level of 25(OH) vitamin D3 was significantly decreased. Lifestyle improvements and vitamin D supplementation play an important role in the prevention of childhood diabetes. Because the major causes of childhood obesity are excessive caloric intake and lack of exercise, the most effective and direct measures to prevent obesity are a reasonable lifestyle, reasonable eating habits, and moderate exercise. Although genetics are critical, there is no reliable way to eliminate obesity genes in the human body. Therefore, the role of obesity genes is required to be ultimately eliminated by reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity.

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“…The studies conducted with children and adolescents in different countries also support this result (38,39). Various mechanisms play a role in the relationship between vitamin D and insulin metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Evaluation of the Correlation Between Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Children with Overweight and Obesity

Tunçer

¹

,

Keser

²

,

Ünsal

³

et al. 2023

Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

0

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance parameters in children with overweight and obesity. Material and Methods: A total of 174 children, 64.4% (n=112) female, and 35.6% (n=62) male, aged between 6-17 years were included in the study. The participants were divided into three groups as normal (29.9%, n=52), overweight (23.6%, n=41), and obesity (46.5%, n=81) based on the criteria of the World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) classification. The insulin resistance status of the participants was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Results: HOMA-IR was found higher in the obesity group (3.2±2.1) compared to the overweight (2.2±1.0) and the normal weight (1.5±1.0) groups (p<0.001). It was observed that QUICKI values of the overweight (0.34±0.03) and the obesity (0.33±0.03) groups were lower than the normal weight (0.37±0.03) group (p<0.001). FGIR was noticed as higher in the normal weight (16.8±10.4) group compared to the overweight (10.6±6.0) and the obesity (8.5±5.5) groups (p<0.001). The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of the children and adolescents were 19.6±10.7 ng/mL, and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.153). A significant weak negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR values was found (r=-0.170, p=0.025). Additionally, a weak positive statistically significant correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D level and QUICKI and FGIR values (r=0.173, p=0.022, and r=0.173, p=0.023, respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin D levels can affect insulin resistance parameters.

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“…It is important to note that these patients generally have vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin D, minerals, and other micronutrients such as selenium, copper, zinc, iron, chromium, cobalt, boron, magnesium, iodine, and others, which can lead to imbalances in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and anaemia, influencing the loss or gain of body weight, especially the increase in body fat [22,23].…”

Section: *Missed Does Of D2o Administered In One Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Body Fat in Children with Neuropathy using Deuterium Oxide Dilution

Ramos-Silva,

Bila,

Cabral

et al. 2023

JAMMR

0

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Purpose: Evaluate nutritional status by anthropometry and body fat by isotopic dilution with deuterium oxide in children with chronic neuropathies. Method: Study of a series of cases of children hospitalized with a diagnosis of severe chronic neuropathy due to cerebral asphyxia, cerebral palsy and spinal muscular atrophy. Weight, height, age, and gender data were obtained and analysed according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (2006, 2007) and anthropometric indices were obtained using the Anthro and AnthroPlus software. To analyze body fat, 4mL of saliva was collected at baseline and three hours after the administration of a dose of deuterium oxide (0.5g/kg/weight). The samples were analysed using the SHIMATZU FTIR IRAfinit-1 ® equipment and IRsolution software. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória (CAAE 18593013.7.0000.5069). Results: eight mixed race patients included, half male, mean age 36.25±32.39 months, height 85.75±19.95 cm, weight 17.60±9.50 kg, BMI-for-age 17.35±4.40 kg/m2, body fat 5.89±5.04 kg and body fat percentage 35.76±16.10 %. Half of the patients were malnourished, and of these, some had a fat percentage higher than expected. The height was adequate in 5/8. Conclusion: Low weight is common among patients with spastic paralysis, while in those with type I progressive spinal muscular atrophy type I, there is a predominance of obesity. Height/length is preserved in most patients, regardless of the type of neuropathy. A body fat percentage of over 30% was found, even among those who were underweight.

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HOMA Index, Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Juvenile Obesity: Data from the CHILT III Programme, Cologne

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Lifestyle Improvements and Vitamin D Supplementation Play an Important Role in the Prevention of Childhood Diabetes

Lifestyle Improvements and Vitamin D Supplementation Play an Important Role in the Prevention of Childhood Diabetes

Evaluation of the Correlation Between Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Children with Overweight and Obesity

Assessment of Body Fat in Children with Neuropathy using Deuterium Oxide Dilution

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