The article presents an advance of a study whose objective consisted of conceptually analyze care and how this is linked to public policy. The importance of the role of women in care practices is highlighted throughout history, passing through periods as the extermination of wise and elderly women called witches, who knew about the properties of plants and other natural elements to cure diseases, division of care between good and evil, considering disease as evil, which led to the isolation of patients in one place, giving rise to the hospitals. The methodology used consisted of the bibliographic review on the subject and in search of databases, such as: Hinari, Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed and virtual libraries. Thus, an analysis was made based on philosophers such as Foucault, who relates the self-care, ethics and politics; from nursing, discusses the theory of diversity and universality of Leininger's cultural care is analyzed; Orem's self-care deficit theory and the theory of the humanized care of Watson, among others. It is concluded that care is essential for the welfare of society, a universal need and an essential part in the formulation of public policies of care; these are evident mainly with health programs that are implemented for the care of man from fertilization, early childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.