Home‐based training strategy to maintain muscle function in older adults with diabetes during COVID‐19 confinement

Frailty and COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review

“…Four guidelines were focused on the management of patients with specific diseases, including diabetes, hemophilia, and cancer [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], and one focused on palliative care for older frail patients [ 37 ]. In terms of the setting, eight guidelines were specific for hospitals or nursing homes [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 34 ] and six for home care [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 ], while one recommendation was made for both settings [ 37 ]. With regards to the frailty index, four guidelines suggested to screen patients with the Clinical Frailty Scale [ 23 , 27 , 29 , 34 ], and one suggested the French Clinical Frailty Score or Frailty Group Iso-Resource Evaluation (FRAGIRE) score [ 26 ], while all the others did not specify any frailty index.…”

“…Three recommendations, specifically developed for people shielding at home, highlighted the importance of physical exercise in preventing loss of muscle strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity [30][31][32]. Four guidelines were focused on the management of patients with specific diseases, including diabetes, hemophilia, and cancer [33][34][35][36], and one focused on palliative care for older frail patients [37]. In terms of the setting, eight guidelines were specific for hospitals or nursing homes [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]34] and six for home care [30][31][32][33]35,36], while one recommendation was made for both settings [37].…”

“…Four guidelines were focused on the management of patients with specific diseases, including diabetes, hemophilia, and cancer [33][34][35][36], and one focused on palliative care for older frail patients [37]. In terms of the setting, eight guidelines were specific for hospitals or nursing homes [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]34] and six for home care [30][31][32][33]35,36], while one recommendation was made for both settings [37]. With regards to the frailty index, four guidelines suggested to screen patients with the Clinical Frailty Scale [23,27,29,34], and one suggested the French Clinical Frailty Isolation was another important issue raised by a few editorials: two editorials warned about the negative outcomes of social isolation for older frail people [14,22], two stressed the need of remote monitoring systems specifically devoted to isolated patients [10,16], and three highlighted the negative effects of isolation in nursing homes [10,20,22].…”

Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Thus, the need for strength training has been widely proposed, especially in at-risk populations such as the elderly, those with T2D, and those with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases who need to stay healthy during the lockdown period [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Countries have also proposed the need to maintain adequate physical activities and specific exercise programs during this period [ 12 , 45 , 46 , 48 ]. To increase the awareness on frailty prevention during a pandemic, the Japanese Geriatrics Society published a report suggesting the reduction of sitting time, exercising to maintain muscle strength, and walking [ 48 ].…”

Multicomponent Home-Based Training Program for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients during Movement Restriction

“…According to the final score, the patients will be classified into one of the 3 levels: low, medium, or high fitness. At the same time, different health-related indexes will be used to adjust the final fitness level according to cardiovascular risk factors [ 39 ]. The physical fitness battery consists of three validated tests from the senior fitness test [ 40 ]: (i) 6 min walking test (6MWT) to evaluate aerobic capacity, (ii) up and go test (UGT), to evaluate agility and dynamic balance and (iii) the sit-to-stand test (STST), to evaluate lower limb strength [ 40 , 41 ].…”