Home range and habitat use of introduced rusa deer<i>(Cervus timorensis russa)</i>in a mosaic of savannah and native sclerophyll forest of New Caledonia

Spaggiari, Jérôme; Garine‐Wichatitsky, Michel De

doi:10.1080/03014223.2006.9518442

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Accordingly, the parent-offspring mean gene dispersal range r estimates ranged between 0.20 and 2.02 km. This is remarkably congruent with dispersion and home-range estimates obtained by a radio-tracking study of wild rusa deer in a high deer density area of the island (Spaggiari and de Garine-Wichatitsky 2006). The average size of their home-range in that study was 5.01 ± 0.33 km 2 , whereas the average distance of wild deer relocations from the core area of their home range was 0.76 ± 0.03 km for females and 1.20 ± 0.12 km for males.…”

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Allelic Variationsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…According to genetics, dispersal estimates ranged between 0.20 and 2.02 km, and effective population densities between 1.4 and 3.8 individuals/km 2 , while direct observation estimates ranged from 0.76 to 1.20 km for dispersion (derived from Spaggiari and de Garine-Wichatitsky 2006) and 1-20 deer/km 2 for deer densities in some areas of the island (Chardonnet 1988;Le Bel et al 2001). This congruence, together with the panmictic behaviour advocated by the heterozygosity analysis (F IS ), confirms that rusa deer are strongly territorial (Spaggiari and de Garine-Wichatitsky 2006), with small sub-population sizes. Recent studies on red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Scotland have demonstrated variations of fine-scale genetic structure according to sex, local densities or landscape features (Nussey et al 2005;Pérez-Espona et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population genetic structure of wild and farmed rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New-Caledonia inferred from polymorphic microsatellite loci

et al. 2009

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Historical records indicate that 12 rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) were introduced in New-Caledonia during the 1870s. We used eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci to assess the genetic differentiation and diversity of farmed and wild deer populations. Past genetic bottlenecks were detected in both sub-populations, although higher genetic diversity was maintained in farmed populations, probably due to the regular introduction of reproducers from wild populations and from other farms. The genetic structure of farmed and wild populations differed significantly. There was a significant isolation by distance for wild populations, whereas farmed populations were significantly differentiated between farms independently from their geographical proximity. Wild rusa deer consisted of small populations (with effective population sizes ranging between 7 and 19 individuals depending on the methods used), with a low parent-offspring dispersion range (0.20-2.02 km). Genetic tools and direct observations provided congruent estimates of dispersion and population sizes. We discuss the relevance of our results for management purposes.

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Section: Spatial Pattern Of Allelic Variationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure of wild and farmed rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New-Caledonia inferred from polymorphic microsatellite loci

et al. 2009

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“…Rusa deer on that island have small home ranges (~5 km 2 ) and display strong site fidelity over time [51]. As a result, they move ticks relatively shorter distances than Texas WTD and have a correspondingly greater IBD slope [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread movement of invasive cattle fever ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) in southern Texas leads to shared local infestations on cattle and deer

et al. 2014

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BackgroundRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the United States inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (TEQA) along the Rio Grande. This containment area is threatened by unregulated movements of illegal cattle and wildlife like white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus).MethodsUsing 11 microsatellite loci we genotyped 1,247 R. microplus from 63 Texas collections, including outbreak infestations from outside the TEQA. We used population genetic analyses to test hypotheses about ecological persistence, tick movement, and impacts of the eradication program in southern Texas. We tested acaricide resistance with larval packet tests (LPTs) on 47 collections.ResultsLPTs revealed acaricide resistance in 15/47 collections (32%); 11 were outside the TEQA and three were resistant to multiple acaricides. Some collections highly resistant to permethrin were found on cattle and WTD. Analysis of genetic differentiation over time at seven properties revealed local gene pools with very low levels of differentiation (FST 0.00-0.05), indicating persistence over timespans of up to 29 months. However, in one neighborhood differentiation varied greatly over a 12-month period (FST 0.03-0.13), suggesting recurring immigration from distinct sources as another persistence mechanism. Ticks collected from cattle and WTD at the same location are not differentiated (FST = 0), implicating ticks from WTD as a source of ticks on cattle (and vice versa) and emphasizing the importance of WTD to tick control strategies. We identified four major genetic groups (K = 4) using Bayesian population assignment, suggesting multiple introductions to Texas.ConclusionsTwo dispersal mechanisms give rise to new tick infestations: 1) frequent short-distance dispersal from the TEQA; and 2) rare long-distance, human-mediated dispersal from populations outside our study area, probably Mexico. The threat of cattle fever tick transport into Texas is increased by acaricide resistance and the ability of R. microplus to utilize WTD as an alternate host. Population genetic analyses may provide a powerful tool for tracking invasions in other parts of the world where these ticks are established.

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“…In turn, this can have cascade effects on biodiversity, including songbird abundance and species composition (McShea and Rappole 2000;Berger et al 2001;Fuller 2001;Allombert et al 2005a;Gill and Fuller 2007), nest predation rates (Martin and Joron 2003), the abundance and density of invertebrates (Baines et al 1994;Allombert et al 2005b;Hegland et al 2005) and the abundance and seed predation activity of small mammals (Flowerdew and Ellwood 2001;Smit et al 2001). England: major impacts on woodland herb layer composition and tree regeneration 14,28,29,30 References: 1: Moriarty (2004); 2: Hall and Gill (2005); 3: Wilson et al (2006); 4: SCI (2006); 5: Flueck et al (2003); 6: Veblen et al (1989); 7: Veblen et al (1992); 8: Relva and Veblen (1998); 9: Husheer et al (2003); 10: Ueckermann and Hansen (1994); 11: Gebhardt (1996); 12: Fraser et al (2000); 13: Lever (1985); 14: Joys et al (2004); 15: Putman et al (1989); 16: Spaggiari and De Garine-Wichatitsky (2006); 17: Osborne (1993); 18: Wiles et al (1999); 19: Pitra and Lutz (2005); 20: Heroldová (1990); 21: Keiper (1985); 22: Nowak (1999); 23: Hannaford et al (2006); 24: Bellingham and Allan (2003); 25: …”

Section: Ecosystem Impacts Of Native and Introduced Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecosystem and competition impacts of introduced deer

2008

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Numerous deer species have been introduced beyond their native range into ecosystems around the world. Their economic value leads to further accidental and deliberate releases and lack of control is contributing to range expansion in Australia, South America and Europe. Despite localised or regional concern, the scale and generality of detrimental impacts have not been widely recognised. We review the direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems and evidence for interspecific effects on native deer. In New Zealand, where large herbivores were previously absent, severe and novel impacts have been found in susceptible forests. Even where ecosystems contain native deer, invasion by taxonomically exotic deer species carries the risk of cascade effects on spatial plant dynamics and forest composition. In Patagonia, introduced deer have disrupted forest composition, whereas in Europe, ecosystem impacts of introduced species can differ from those of over-abundant native deer. Introduced Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) within a coniferous forestry landscape in eastern England differ from native European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in their distribution of herbivory among differing habitats, and provide much lower rates of endozoochorous seed dispersal. Frequent concern is expressed that introduced deer species may have detrimental effects on native deer and other ungulates, although potential epidemiological effects have not been investigated. Apparent competition, with introduced prey resulting in increased predation rates on native deer, may be occurring between South American huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) and southern pudu (Pudu puda). Habitat and dietary overlap is often substantial among native and introduced ungulates, including deer, and exploitation competition is likely. Evidence includes spatial responses of native to non-native deer and negatively correlated changes in population abundance, but demographic mechanisms have not been demonstrated previously. In a coniferous forestry landscape in eastern England, substantial habitat and dietary overlap occurs between native roe deer and high-density introduced Chinese muntjac. This roe deer population has shown a reduction in body weight and fertility following establishment and increasing abundance of non-native Chinese muntjac, compatible with interspecific competition. European roe deer also appear susceptible to competition from larger grazing deer, including native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced fallow (Dama dama). The widely introduced fallow deer may be a particularly effective competitor in sympatry with intermediate or concentrate feeders. There is need for further investigation of potential interactions of introduced and native deer species, and a wider recognition of the ecological impacts of introduced deer

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Home range and habitat use of introduced rusa deer(Cervus timorensis russa)in a mosaic of savannah and native sclerophyll forest of New Caledonia

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Population genetic structure of wild and farmed rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New-Caledonia inferred from polymorphic microsatellite loci

Population genetic structure of wild and farmed rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New-Caledonia inferred from polymorphic microsatellite loci

Widespread movement of invasive cattle fever ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) in southern Texas leads to shared local infestations on cattle and deer

Ecosystem and competition impacts of introduced deer

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