“…Most mothers who participate in home visiting programs are low income, have had experiences with violence, and struggle to meet the demands of parenting (Adirim & Supplee, 2013). Originally designed to prevent child maltreatment, home visiting programs have broadened to encompass multiple approaches that optimize maternal and child health in vulnerable contexts (Finello, Terteryan, & Riewerts, 2016). They typically share six common elements: (a) enrollment early in the child’s life (or prenatally) in order to intervene before negative outcomes are manifested, (b) engagement of mothers early in their roles as parents before maladaptive parenting practices become established, (c) strengthening individual and family protective factors and mitigating risk factors to set maternal and child health trajectories in the direction of normative development, (d) use of multiple strategies and resources to address varied maternal and child needs, (e) frequent contact between home visitors and families to allow sufficient opportunity to deliver specific content and interventions, and (f) extended program duration to ensure that home visitors are present during developmental transitions in which new needs of mothers and children emerge.…”