Homelessness prevention and determinants of housing among first-time and recurrent emergency shelter users in Canada

Chen, Xuyang; Cooper, Ian; Rivier, Jacqueline

doi:10.1080/02673037.2020.1865520

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…of participants 2579 Median % male 65 Median age of participants 43.7 Year of study 2010 – 2012 3 (10.0) [ 27 , 33 , 36 ] 2013 – 2014 3 (10.0) [ 30 , 34 , 37 ] 2015 – 2016 2 (7.0) [ 26 , 41 ] 2017 – 2018 4 (14.0) [ 23 , 47 , 48 , 50 ] 2019 – 2020 10 (33.0) [ 22 , 25 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 39 , 43 , 46 , 49 , 51 ] 2021 8 (28.0) [ 24 , 29 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 ] Country United States 14 (47.0) [ 22 – ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors and consequences of homelessness in whole-population observational studies that used administrative data: a systematic review

Mitchell,

Waring,

Ahern

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Homelessness is a complex societal and public health challenge. Limited information exists about the population-level health and social care-related predictors and consequences of persons with lived experience of homelessness (PEH). Studies that focus on population subgroups or ad hoc questionnaires to gather data are of relatively limited generalisability to whole-population health surveillance and planning. The aim of this study was to find and synthesise information about the risk factors for, and consequences of, experiencing homelessness in whole-population studies that used routine administrative data. Method We performed a systematic search using EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO research databases for English-language studies published from inception until February 2023 that reported analyses of administrative data about homelessness and health and social care-related predictors and consequences. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Of the 1224 articles reviewed, 30 publications met the inclusion criteria. The included studies examined a wide range of topic areas, and the homelessness definitions used in each varied considerably. Studies were categorised into several topic areas: Mortality, morbidity and COVID-19; health care usage and hospital re-admission; care home admission and shelter stay; and other (e.g. employment, crime victimisation). The studies reported that that the physical and mental health of people who experience homelessness was worse than that of the general population. Homeless individuals were more likely to have higher risk of hospitalisation, more likely to use emergency departments, have higher mortality rates and were at greater risk of needing intensive care or of dying from COVID-19 compared with general population. Additionally, homeless individuals were more likely to be incarcerated or unemployed. The effects were strongest for those who experienced being homeless as a child compared to those who experienced being homeless later on in life. Conclusions This is the first systematic review of whole-population observational studies that used administrative data to identify causes and consequences associated with individuals who are experiencing homelessness. While the scientific literature provides evidence on some of the possible risk factors associated with being homeless, research into this research topic has been limited and gaps still remain. There is a need for more standardised best practice approaches to understand better the causes and consequences associated with being homeless.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, one was conducted in Ireland [ 51 ], one in Canada [ 38 ] and one in the United States [ 35 ]. The duration of these studies was between 4 and 6 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors and consequences of homelessness in whole-population observational studies that used administrative data: a systematic review

Mitchell,

Waring,

Ahern

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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“…Phase 1 (2007 to 2014): TF model: “…individuals experiencing homelessness are generally required to participate in treatment programs and demonstrate readiness before they are offered housing” (Chen et al, 2021 , p. 6)…”

Section: Appendix 1 Types Of Shelter/housing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase 2 (2014 to 2019) HF model: “…moved individuals experiencing chronic or episodic homelessness from the street or shelter directly into stable housing as quickly as possible, complemented by individualized supports” (Chen et al, 2021 , p. 6)…”

Section: Appendix 1 Types Of Shelter/housing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A WISH to be Housed: Exploring the Winter Interim Solution to Homelessness (WISH) Temporary Accommodation Model in London, Canada

Smith-Carrier

Hall

Belanger

et al. 2022

Community Ment Health J

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Temporary housing programs (THPs) aim to serve the homeless population. This article explores the impacts of a THP, the Winter Interim Solution to Homelessness (WISH) in London, Canada, which applied a barrier-free, harm reduction model. Adopting an intersectional lens and interpretive description methodology, we analyzed data collected from WISH residents, utilizing a thematic analytic approach. Identified themes included: (1) “(It’s) kinda like a real home” (WISH is unlike other shelters); (2) “It’s like a buddy system” (A sense of community was fostered); (3) “It’s the same size as a jail cell” (Problems with infrastructure); (4) “To keep us on focus” (Un/supportive staff/volunteers); (5) “I’m not sure what I’m going to do after” (The dearth of permanent housing creates trauma); and (6) “Too much bloody money in too little hands” (Distrust of housing providers). Although WISH was helpful to some residents, the temporary nature of the program limited its long-term impact.

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“…Youth comprise approximately 20% of the homeless population in Canada and the United States (Duchesne et al, 2019;Henry et al, 2021). High levels of mental illness, problematic substance use, and suicidality are among the most prominent risk factors for youth who are homeless (Cronley & Evans, 2017;Narendorf et al, 2017;Perlman et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Examining Risk Factors and Protective Resources as Predictors of Recovery Among Youth With Mental Illness and Lived Experience of Homelessness

et al. 2022

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High level of mental health problems are a critical concern among youth experiencing or at-risk of homelessness. Using data from a randomized controlled trial on Housing First in Canada, this study examined the risk factors and protective resources associated with mental health recovery among 215 homeless youth with mental illness at baseline and at a 24-month follow-up. At study entry, higher levels of recovery were associated with a lower number of adverse childhood experiences, less frequent presence of mental health symptoms, higher level of satisfaction with social relationships, and a higher level of psychological integration at baseline. At 24-months, a lower frequency of experiencing mental health symptoms and a higher level of psychological integration were associated with a higher level of recovery. The study’s findings highlight the importance of protective resources, notably having supportive social relationships and a sense of belonging in the community as contributors to mental health recovery

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Homelessness prevention and determinants of housing among first-time and recurrent emergency shelter users in Canada

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Predictors and consequences of homelessness in whole-population observational studies that used administrative data: a systematic review

Predictors and consequences of homelessness in whole-population observational studies that used administrative data: a systematic review

A WISH to be Housed: Exploring the Winter Interim Solution to Homelessness (WISH) Temporary Accommodation Model in London, Canada

Examining Risk Factors and Protective Resources as Predictors of Recovery Among Youth With Mental Illness and Lived Experience of Homelessness

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