Homeostasis of trace elements in mycorrhizal fungi

Ruytinx, Joske; Martino, Elena; Rozpądek, Piotr; Daghino, Stefania; Turnau, Katarzyna; Colpaert, Jan V.; Perotto, Silvia

doi:10.1002/9781118951446.ch16

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…They form a peculiar endomycorrhizal type by colonizing the root epidermal cells of plants within the family Ericaceae and promote growth of their host plant in stressful habitats (Perotto et al, 2012 ). A common ERM fungal species is Oidiodendron maius (Dalpé, 1986 ) and O. maius strain Zn, an isolate from a metal polluted soil whose genome and transcriptome have been recently sequenced (Kohler et al, 2015 ), has become a model system to investigate metal stress tolerance in these fungi (Perotto et al, 2012 ; Daghino et al, 2016 ; Ruytinx et al, 2016 ). Genomic data have revealed a large set of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in O. maius , with many plant cell wall degrading enzymes being expressed during symbiosis (Kohler et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrophobin-Like OmSSP1 May Be an Effector in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

et al. 2018

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Mutualistic and pathogenic plant-colonizing fungi use effector molecules to manipulate the host cell metabolism to allow plant tissue invasion. Some small secreted proteins (SSPs) have been identified as fungal effectors in both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but it is currently unknown whether SSPs also play a role as effectors in other mycorrhizal associations. Ericoid mycorrhiza is a specific endomycorrhizal type that involves symbiotic fungi mostly belonging to the Leotiomycetes (Ascomycetes) and plants in the family Ericaceae. Genomic and RNASeq data from the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius led to the identification of several symbiosis-upregulated genes encoding putative SSPs. OmSSP1, the most highly symbiosis up-regulated SSP, was found to share some features with fungal hydrophobins, even though it lacks the Pfam hydrophobin domain. Sequence alignment with other hydrophobins and hydrophobin-like fungal proteins placed OmSSP1 within Class I hydrophobins. However, the predicted features of OmSSP1 may suggest a distinct type of hydrophobin-like proteins. The presence of a predicted signal peptide and a yeast-based signal sequence trap assay demonstrate that OmSSP1 is secreted. OmSSP1 null-mutants showed a reduced capacity to form ericoid mycorrhiza with Vaccinium myrtillus roots, suggesting a role as effectors in the ericoid mycorrhizal interaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrophobin-Like OmSSP1 May Be an Effector in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

et al. 2018

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“…Similarly, increased metal tolerance was attributed to the fungal partner in ERM plants (Bradley et al, 1981(Bradley et al, , 1982. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that allow ERM fungi to withstand high heavy metal concentrations have been investigated and summarized in Daghino et al (2016Daghino et al ( , 2019 and Ruytinx et al (2016). These studies demonstrate that antioxidant enzymes, metal transporters, DNA damage repair proteins, molecular chaperons and polyamines biosynthesis are involved in the response of the metal tolerant ERM isolate O. maius Zn to metal toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these mechanisms, most plants can also cope with heavy metals by taking advantage of beneficial interactions with soil microorganisms. Among them, the symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungi can increase the effectiveness of both avoidance and tolerance mechanisms against heavy metals Ferrol et al, 2016;Ruytinx et al, 2016). Mycorrhizal fungi have been suggested to increase heavy metal tolerance of their host plant by different mechanisms, such as: (i) general health and growth improvement due to increased nutrient uptake, (ii) chelation/sequestration of toxic metals by external fungal structures (e.g., cell walls) or subcellular compartments (e.g., vacuoles and/or endoplasmic reticulum), (iii) regulation of plant metal import-export fluxes, (iv) induction of enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms that allow plants to neutralize ROS produced by heavy metals (Garg and Bhandari, 2014;Luo et al, 2014;Ferrol et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was later demonstrated that ERM fungi from polluted soils can withstand high concentrations of Zn and Cd (Martino et al, 2000), and the ERM metal tolerant isolate Oidiodendron maius Zn was developed as a model system to investigate functional traits involved in fungal metal tolerance, with the release of the complete sequenced genome . However, although some mechanisms of Cd tolerance have been identified in O. maius Zn Ruytinx et al, 2016), the molecular and cellular mechanisms that protect ERM plants and enable them to cope with toxic Cd levels are currently unknown. To start addressing this question, and more in general to understand how the plant and the fungus respond to Cd in symbiotic and asymbiotic conditions, we have grown O. maius Zn and its host plant Vaccinium myrtillus under control and Cd stressed conditions, and analyzed their metal content and transcriptomes in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus

et al. 2020

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The success of Ericaceae in stressful habitats enriched in heavy metals has been ascribed to the distinctive abilities of their mycorrhizal fungal partners to withstand heavy metal stress and to enhance metal tolerance in the host plant. Whereas heavy metal tolerance has been extensively investigated in some ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that extend tolerance to the host plant are currently unknown. Here, we show a reduced Cd content in Cd-exposed mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus colonized by a metal tolerant isolate of the fungus Oidiodendron maius as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. To better understand this phenotype, we applied Next Generation Sequencing technologies to analyze gene expression in V. myrtillus and O. maius Zn grown under normal and Cd-stressed conditions, in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status. The results clearly showed that Cd had a stronger impact on plant gene expression than symbiosis, whereas fungal gene expression was mainly regulated by symbiosis. The higher abundance of transcripts coding for stress related proteins in non-mycorrhizal roots may be related to the higher Cd content. Regulated plant metal transporters have been identified that may play a role in reducing Cd content in mycorrhizal roots exposed to this metal.

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“…They form a peculiar endomycorrhizal type by colonizing the root epidermal cells of plants within the family Ericaceae and promote growth of their host plant in stressful habitats (Perotto et al, 2012). A common ERM fungal species is Oidiodendron maius (Dalpé, 1986) and O. maius strain Zn, an isolate from a metal polluted soil whose genome and transcriptome have been recently sequenced (Kohler et al, 2015), has become a model system to investigate metal stress tolerance in these fungi (Daghino et al, 2016;Perotto et al, 2012;Ruytinx et al, 2016). Genomic data have revealed a large set of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in O. maius, with many plant cell wall degrading enzymes being expressed during symbiosis (Kohler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hydrophobin-like OmSSP1 may be an effector in the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis

Casarrubia

Daghino

Kohler

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Mutualistic and pathogenic plant-colonizing fungi use effector molecules to manipulate the host cell metabolism to allow plant tissue invasion. Some small secreted proteins (SSPs) have been identified as fungal effectors in both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but it is currently unknown whether SSPs also play a role as effectors in other mycorrhizal associations. Ericoid mycorrhiza is a specific endomycorrhizal type that involves symbiotic fungi mostly belonging to the Leotiomycetes (Ascomycetes) and plants in the family Ericaceae. Genomic and RNASeq data from the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius led to the identification of several symbiosisupregulated genes encoding putative SSPs. OmSSP1, the most highly symbiosis up-regulated SSP, was found to share some features with fungal hydrophobins, even though it lacks the Pfam hydrophobin domain. Sequence alignment with other hydrophobins and hydrophobin-like fungal proteins placed OmSSP1 within Class I hydrophobins. However, the predicted features of OmSSP1 may suggest a distinct type of hydrophobin-like proteins. The presence of a predicted signal peptide and a yeast-based signal sequence trap assay demonstrate that OmSSP1 is secreted during symbiosis.OmSSP1 null-mutants showed a reduced capacity to form ericoid mycorrhiza with Vaccinium myrtillus roots, suggesting a role as effectors in the ericoid mycorrhizal interaction.

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Homeostasis of trace elements in mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 10 publications

References 116 publications

The Hydrophobin-Like OmSSP1 May Be an Effector in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

The Hydrophobin-Like OmSSP1 May Be an Effector in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus

The hydrophobin-like OmSSP1 may be an effector in the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis

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