Homework and Mathematics Learning: What Can We Learn from the TIMSS Series Studies in the Last Two Decades?

PROTOCOL: The relationship between homework time and academic performance among K‐12 students: A systematic review

“…Thus, we include the grade level as a potential factor that moderates the linkage of homework time and academic performance. Region. Numerous studies indicated that there are regional differences in homework policies and practices (Chen & Stevenson, 1989; Tam & Chan, 2009; Zhu, 2015). The samples involved in the primary study on homework are from different regions (e.g., the United States and Asia); thus, we included the sampling region as a potential moderator in the present review. Publication year: Education systems are susceptible to influence of societal changes; thus, publication year is likely to be a moderator, as the homework time may change systematically over time (Cooper et al, 2006; Gill & Schlossman, 2004; Twenge et al, 2004).…”

Large-Scale Studies in Mathematics Education

“…Similarly, the TIMSS 1999 Video Study (Hiebert et al, 2003 ) documented differences in mathematics teaching across several countries, and the data from that study has informed further research and discussion on the nature of effective mathematics teaching (e.g., Givvin, Jacobs, Hollingsworth, & Hiebert, 2009 ). In this volume, Zhu ( 2015 ) has integrated data from several studies in the TIMSS series to better understand trends in the role, nature, and use of mathematics homework in various countries. In general, the wealth of data from large-scale studies makes space for insightful analyses of the status of and trends in mathematics education.…”

“…This leads to potential complications in interpretation of the data that researchers must plan for. Zhu ( 2015 ) has provided a perspective in this volume on some of the challenges that are posed by assessments that change over time. Zhu has noted in detail many changes in the way TIMSS surveys have investigated homework practices over the years.…”

“…However, there is a wealth of existing large-scale data sets available and many researchers have taken advantage of them with fruitful results (e.g., . As noted above, both and Zhu ( 2015 ) based their work in this volume on analyses of data from existing large data sets (NAEP and TIMSS, respectively).…”

Time Spent on Homework and Academic Achievement: A Meta-analysis Study Related to Results of TIMSS

“…Culture classification. As discussed above, studies about homework suggest that homework practices vary across countries in terms of homework frequency and time spent on homework (Chen & Stevenson, 1989;Tam & Chan, 2009;Zhu, 2015;Zhu & Leung, 2012). Fan et al (2017) has stated that its effect on academic achievement differs across geographical regions.…”