“…In 1910, when decent records start, the black (precisely, nonwhite) murder victimization rate was about 22 per 100,000, and the corresponding white rate was around 5 per 100,000-a ratio of about 5 to 1 (Shin et al, 1977). In 2004, the situation was not much di¤erent: the black victimization rate was 20.1 per 100,000 and the white rate was 3.6 for a ratio of about 5.6 to 1 (National Center for Health Statistics, 2006, table 29; these are age-adjusted rates with a 2000 base).…”