2005
DOI: 10.1042/bj20041821
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Homodimerization of calpain 3 penta-EF-hand domain

Abstract: Calpains 1 and 2 are heterodimeric proteases in which large (relative molecular mass M(r) 80000) and small (M(r) 28000) subunits are linked through their respective PEF (penta-EF-hand) domains. The skeletal muscle-specific calpain 3 is believed not to form a heterodimer with the small subunit but might homodimerize through its PEF domain. Size-exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation of the recombinant PEF domain of calpain 3 show that it forms a stable homodimer that does not dissociate on … Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…uncontrolled) autolysis, at least in the conditions here where the free [Ca 2ϩ ] is tightly controlled at a low level; this is consistent with a previous report describing the successful isolation and purification in its full-length form of recombinant calpain-3 expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells (18). Although calpain-3 can form homodimers in some circumstances (37,38), there is as yet no evidence that this does occur in muscle fibers. Unless the calpain-3 is normally bound to titin in such a homodimeric form, it seems probable that the calpain-3 was present as monomers in the wash solution in the experiments here, because it had diffused out only very slowly and was diluted to a comparatively very low concentration in the wash solution (volume ϳ1000-fold greater than fiber volume).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 76%
“…uncontrolled) autolysis, at least in the conditions here where the free [Ca 2ϩ ] is tightly controlled at a low level; this is consistent with a previous report describing the successful isolation and purification in its full-length form of recombinant calpain-3 expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells (18). Although calpain-3 can form homodimers in some circumstances (37,38), there is as yet no evidence that this does occur in muscle fibers. Unless the calpain-3 is normally bound to titin in such a homodimeric form, it seems probable that the calpain-3 was present as monomers in the wash solution in the experiments here, because it had diffused out only very slowly and was diluted to a comparatively very low concentration in the wash solution (volume ϳ1000-fold greater than fiber volume).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 76%
“…These domains can harbor one or more binding sites, known as exosites (148), that play important roles as mediators for a great diversity of interactions, most of them involving protein binding. Such is the case of the penta-EF-hands in the members of the calpain-calpastatin system (149) or the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domains present in caspases that are responsible for protease oligomerization and in the latter case also for recruitment to the apoptosome and activation (150). Similar roles have been also described for the interaction of the complement CUB and the epidermal growth factor modules in C1s and C1r complement proteins in the C1 complex assembly (151).…”
Section: Exosite-mediated Interactionsmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Evidence for this association came initially from the absence of small subunit in calpain-3 preparations (12) and from the apparent molecular weight of the enzyme (~180,000 Da) being twice that expected for the monomer (94 000 Da) when autolysis was suppressed by mutation of the catalytic Cys to Ser (13). Subsequently, we showed direct evidence of homodimerization of the calpain-3 PEF domain (14,15) and have subsequently solved the crystal structure of the Ca 2+ -bound PEF homodimer (16). Other structural differences from the large subunit of calpain-1 and -2 are the presence of two insertion sequences (IS) that are not seen in any of the other calpain isoforms.…”
mentioning
confidence: 80%