Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of anthracene with selected atmospheric oxidants

Abstract

The reactions of gas-phase anthracene and suspended anthracene particles with O 3 and O 3 -NO were conducted in a 200-L reaction chamber, respectively. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formations from gas-phase reactions of anthracene with O 3 and O 3 -NO were observed. Meanwhile, the size distributions and mass concentrations of SOA were monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) during the formation processes. The rapid exponential growths of SOA reveal that the atmospheric lifetimes of gas-phase anthracene towards O 3 and O 3 -NO are less than 20.5 and 4.34 hr, respectively. The particulate oxidation products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analyses of oxidation products of anthracene were carried out for assigning the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Anthrone, anthraquinone, 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene, and 1,9,10-trihydroxyanthracene were the ozonation products of anthracene, while anthrone, anthraquinone, 9-nitroanthracene, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were the main products of anthracene with O 3 -NO.

Formation and Evolution of Solvent-Extracted and Nonextractable Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Fly Ash of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

“…Organic compounds, especially PAHs, are susceptible to photolysis and chemical oxidation in atmospheric conditions. − In our study, the concentrations of PAHs decrease with increasing irradiation time (Figures S9 and S10). The oxidation products are primarily identified as oxygenated PAHs, such as semiquinone, quinines, and diol compounds. ,, The quinone-like structures may act as electron shuttles, and the semiquinone radicals are readily produced as intermediates. Thus, the transformation from PAHs to oxygenated aromatics is probably accompanied by the formation of oxygenic EPFRs on particle surfaces, possessing a g factor > 2.0040 .…”

“…The oxidation products are primarily identified as oxygenated PAHs, such as semiquinone, quinines, and diol compounds. 50,60,61 The quinone-like structures may act as electron shuttles, and the semiquinone radicals are readily produced as intermediates. Thus, the transformation from PAHs to oxygenated aromatics is probably accompanied by the formation of oxygenic EPFRs on particle surfaces, possessing a g factor > 2.0040.…”

Sources and atmospheric chemistry of oxy- and nitro-PAHs in the ambient air of Grenoble (France)

“…All of these compounds have been previously reported in the literature as by-products of gas phase and/or heterogeneous reactions of PAHs Lane, 2009, 2010;Perraudin et al, 2007;Reisen and Arey, 2002;Zhang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2013). However, except biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxaldehyde, they also have all been identified in primary emissions from biomass burning or vehicle exhaust (Alves et al, 2016;Bayona et al, 1988;Fine et al, 2001;Fine et al, 2002;Fitzpatrick et al, 2007;Nalin et al, 2016;Zielinska et al, 2004).…”

Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals from the heterogeneous reaction of ozone and polycyclic aromatic compounds

“…PAH are commonly found within PM and can react heterogeneously with ozone [13][14][15][16][17][18] to produce a variety of oxygenated functional groups including quinones and diol PAC 17,[19][20][21][22][23] In previous work done in our laboratory on soot particles, and PAH-coated soot particles, it was found that ozone exposure led to the decay of soot PAHs with two general trends, an initial fast decay followed by a secondary slower decay, resulting in increased redox activity of the particles. The increased redox activity was attributed to an increase of surface bound quinonelike structures, formed from PAH and graphitic carbon reacting with ozone.…”