Homogeneous ruthenium-based water–gas shift catalysts via supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) technology at low temperature and ambient pressure

Abstract

Novel ruthenium-based supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction are reported which, compared to classical low temperature shift systems, operate at much lower temperatures and even at ambient pressure.

A model to predict maximum tolerable temperatures of metal-oxide-supported 1- n -butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids

“…Among these application areas, in catalysis, they offer new opportunities for immobilization of homogenous type catalysts on metal-oxides (Selvam et al, 2012) as in supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst (Kashid et al, 2011;Riisager et al, 2003;Werner et al, 2009) or they can be utilized as a selective layer over the supported metal catalysts to offer enhanced selectivity as in solid catalysts with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) (Kernchen et al, 2007;Knapp et al, 2009). One limiting factor for these applications is that ILs tend to lose their structural integrity through thermal decomposition (Del Sesto et al, 2009), leaching out (Maton et al, 2013) or evaporation (Seeberger et al, 2009;Sobota et al, 2010;Steinrück et al, 2011) under application conditions.…”

Surface‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid Crystal–Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Materials: Ionic Liquid Crystals in Mesopores

“…The principle was first demonstrated in 2003 for the Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation of propylene 7a,b. Recent successful examples include, for instance, hydrogenation,8 hydroformylation,9 hydroamination,10 carbonylation,11 and water–gas shift12 catalysis. In addition, we recently demonstrated the potential of immobilizing chlorometallate‐based ILs on porous supports for application in a gas‐phase desulfurization process 13…”

FTIR investigation of the equilibrium structure of osmium pentacarbonyl in alcohol solvents

“…The solvated Group 8 transition mono-metal pentacarbonyls, M(CO) 5 (M = Fe, Ru, Os), are also widely used for their catalytic properties [1][2][3]. In particular, these compounds have recently been investigated for use as catalysts in the water-gas shift reaction [4,5]. Many applications of the M(CO) 5 (MPC) systems involve photo-induced CO loss which generates a key tricarbonyl intermediate, Fe(CO) 3 .…”

“…The photolysis product of IPC, Fe(CO) 4 , has a triplet ground state [14,41] whereas the tetracarbonyls of the Group 8 analogs, RPC and OPC, have singlet ground states. Perhaps as a consequence of these singlet electronic states, it has been shown that the M(CO) 4 and M(CO) 3 UV photoproducts from RPC and OPC recombine with CO at a rate 10 3 times faster than the iron analogs [7,8].…”

“…The photolysis product of IPC, Fe(CO) 4 , has a triplet ground state [14,41] whereas the tetracarbonyls of the Group 8 analogs, RPC and OPC, have singlet ground states. Perhaps as a consequence of these singlet electronic states, it has been shown that the M(CO) 4 and M(CO) 3 UV photoproducts from RPC and OPC recombine with CO at a rate 10 3 times faster than the iron analogs [7,8]. A more recent ultrafast study has reported that the UV irradiation of Ru(CO) 4 ( 2 -1,4-pentadiene) results in an ultrafast transition to Ru(CO) 3 ( 4 -1,4-pentadiene) and the allylic hydride HRu(CO) 3 Fe(CO) 4 ( 2 -1,4-pentadiene), formed only the allylic hydride product and did so on a much slower, nanosecond timescale [42].…”