Homogeneous Synthesis of Cationic Chitosan via New Avenue

Song, Huan; Wu, Hao; Li, ShuJing; Tian, Huafeng; Li, Yanru; Jian-guo, Wang

doi:10.3390/molecules23081921

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The second most used route for the production of HTCC is through the reaction between chitosan and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA), a lower cost reagent than the usual GTMAC [9]. CTA is used as an etherification reagent due to its characteristic of generating an epoxide in alkaline conditions, which is similar to GTMAC [144]. In general, chitosan is dispersed in isopropanol or 2-propanol, over which NaOH solution is added and kept under stirring for a time that can vary from 2-5 h. After this step, aqueous CTA solution is added and the reaction can be conducted under conditions ranging from 6-10 h and 40-60 o C [145][146][147].…”

Section: Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Current Knowledge on the Properties, Synthesis and Applications of Quaternary Chitosan Derivatives

et al. 2020

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Chitosan, a chitin-derivative polysaccharide, known for its non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, presents limited applications due to its low solubility in neutral or basic pH medium. Quaternization stands out as an alternative to modify this natural polymer, aiming to improve its solubility over a wide pH range and, consequently, expand its range of applications. Quaternization occurs by introducing a quaternary ammonium moiety onto or outside the chitosan backbone, via chemical reactions with primary amino and hydroxyl groups, under vast experimental conditions. The oldest and most common forms of quaternized chitosan involve N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl ammonium) propyl] chitosan (HTCC) and, more recently, quaternized chitosan by insertion of pyridinium or phosphonium salts. By modifying chitosan through the insertion of a quaternary moiety, permanent cationic charges on the polysaccharide backbone are achieved and properties such as water solubility, antimicrobial activity, mucoadhesiveness and permeability are significantly improved, enabling the application mainly in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. In this review, the main quaternized chitosan compounds are addressed in terms of their structure, properties, synthesis routes and applications. In addition, other less explored compounds are also presented, involving the main findings and future prospects regarding the field of quaternized chitosans.

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Section: Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Current Knowledge on the Properties, Synthesis and Applications of Quaternary Chitosan Derivatives

et al. 2020

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“…Tan et al introduced quaternary ammonium groups into the chitosan backbone via azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions to synthesize 1,2,3-triazole chitosan derivatives [ 39 ], which pointed the way to the antifungal and antioxidant properties of chitosan derivatives for a wide range of applications in biomedicine. Quaternized chitosan was prepared by dissolving chitosan in alkali and urea and then reacting it with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride [ 40 ] ( Figure 4 C), which provides a simple and green solution to achieve chitosan functionalization.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Chitosan and Its Derivative Polymers in Clinical Medicine and Agriculture

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Because of its biocompatibility and non-biotoxicity, chitosan is widely used in the fields of medicine and agriculture. With the latest technology and technological progress, different active functional groups can be connected by modification, surface modification, or other configurations with various physical, chemical, and biological properties. These changes can significantly expand the application range and efficacy of chitosan polymers. This paper reviews the different uses of chitosan, such as catheter bridging to repair nerve broken ends, making wound auxiliaries, as tissue engineering repair materials for bone or cartilage, or as carriers for a variety of drugs to expand the volume or slow-release and even show potential in the fight against COVID-19. In addition, it is also discussed that chitosan in agriculture can improve the growth of crops and can be used as an antioxidant coating because its natural antibacterial properties are used alone or in conjunction with a variety of endophytic bacteria and metal ions. Generally speaking, chitosan is a kind of polymer material with excellent development prospects in medicine and agriculture.

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“…The active group of the compound could react with the amino or hydroxyl groups of chitosan to obtain the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan. 2-hydroxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan, which was prepared from the amino group or hydroxyl group of chitosan and 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, has been studied in more depth [ 56 ]. When reacted directly, N -substituted chitosan quaternary ammonium salt was obtained.…”

Section: Structure Combination Strategy For Antimicrobial Chitosan Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Chitosan Sterilization Agents by a Structure Combination Strategy and Their Potential Application in Crop Protection

Liu

Qin

2021

Molecules

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Chitosan is the only cationic polysaccharide in nature. It is a type of renewable resource and is abundant. It has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity. The amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules can be modified, which enables chitosan to contain a variety of functional groups, giving it a variety of properties. In recent years, researchers have used different strategies to synthesize a variety of chitosan derivatives with novel structure and unique activity. Structure combination is one of the main strategies. Therefore, we will evaluate the synthesis and agricultural antimicrobial applications of the active chitosan derivatives structure combinations, which have not been well-summarized. In addition, the advantages, challenges and developmental prospects of agricultural antimicrobial chitosan derivatives will be discussed.

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Homogeneous Synthesis of Cationic Chitosan via New Avenue

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

An Overview of Current Knowledge on the Properties, Synthesis and Applications of Quaternary Chitosan Derivatives

An Overview of Current Knowledge on the Properties, Synthesis and Applications of Quaternary Chitosan Derivatives

Application of Chitosan and Its Derivative Polymers in Clinical Medicine and Agriculture

Design of Chitosan Sterilization Agents by a Structure Combination Strategy and Their Potential Application in Crop Protection

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