Homogeneous Victim-Offender Populations: A Review and Some Research Implications

Singer, Simon I.

doi:10.2307/1143015

Cited by 188 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, each of these factors has been empirically linked to an increased risk of subsequent victimization and offending. Based on the fact that prior offending and deviance seem to influence one's chances of subsequent victimization and offending, and since violent victims and offenders appear to share a similar demographic profile, engage in similar risky behaviors, and live in neighborhoods with similar ecological characteristics, researchers believe that victims and offenders of violent crime originate from the same population and are often "one in the same" (Sampson and Lauritsen 1990;Singer 1981). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual, Neighborhood, and Situational Factors Associated with Violent Victimization and Offending

Daday

Broidy

Crandall

et al. 2005

Criminal Justice Studies

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The criminological literature presents substantial evidence that victims and offenders in violent crimes share demographic characteristics, engage in similar lifestyles and activities, and reside in socially disorganized neighborhoods. However, research has examined these relationships separately using either victimization or offending data, and prior studies have not examined these relationships by comparing victims and offenders within the same incidents. This has limited efforts to examine whether these factors are associated with victimization and offending in similar or distinct ways. Using a law enforcement database of victims (N = 1,248) and offenders (N = 1,735) involved within the same aggravated battery incidents (N = 1,015) in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, this research explores whether victims and offenders involved in nonlethal violence share certain individual, neighborhood, and situational characteristics. Results suggest that victims and offenders live in socially disorganized neighborhoods and engage in risky lifestyles and violent offending behaviors in similar proportions. These findings highlight the overlapping factors associated with victimization and offending in non-lethal violent personal crimes. The implications of these findings are discussed.1

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual, Neighborhood, and Situational Factors Associated with Violent Victimization and Offending

Daday

Broidy

Crandall

et al. 2005

Criminal Justice Studies

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“…It is well known in the criminological literature that victims and offenders in homicide transactions share similar demographic and residential profiles (Singer 1981). In fact, some 25% of homicides are victim precipitated (Wolfgang 1958).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

Sampson

Raudenbush

1999

American Journal of Sociology

1,944

1,656

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This article assesses the sources and consequences of public disorder. Based on the videotaping and systematic rating of more than 23,000 street segments in Chicago, highly reliable scales of social and physical disorder for 196 neighborhoods are constructed. Census data, police records, and an independent survey of more than 3,500 residents are then integrated to test a theory of collective efficacy and structural constraints. Defined as cohesion among residents combined with shared expectations for the social control of public space, collective efficacy explains lower rates of crime and observed disorder after controlling neighborhood structural characteristics. Collective efficacy is also linked to lower rates of violent crime after accounting for disorder and the reciprocal effects of violence. Contrary to the "broken windows" theory, however, the relationship between public disorder and crime is spurious except perhaps for robbery.The answer to the question of how city life was to be possible, then, is this. Visual signs of social and physical disorder in public spaces reflect powerfully on our inferences about urban communities. By social disorder, we refer to behavior usually involving strangers and considered threatening, 1 We thank Tony Earls, Albert J. Reiss Jr., Steve Buka, Jeffrey Morenoff, Richard Congdon, and Matheos Yosef for their help in this project, and the NORC team led by Woody Carter, Cindy Veldman, Jody Dougherty, and Ron Boyd for heroic efforts in data collection. John Laub and the AJS reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. The long-standing interest of Albert J. Reiss, Jr., in systematic social

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“…Scholars have considered the tendency of criminals to live geographically close to their victims (Vilalta, 2010;Van Dijk 1990), the endemic character of crime hotspots (Eck and Weisburd 1995), high crime rates in residential areas with high percentages of rented dwellings and large housing projects (Bottoms and Wiles 1986;Block and Block 1995), and the probability of criminal behaviour when growing up in crime-affected areas (Krivo and Peterson 1996;Reiss and Rhodes 1961). 7 The underlying assumption of many of these models is that the higher the crime density in a community, the greater the probability of finding accomplices due to their tight communication network (Reiss 1986;Singer 1981).…”

Section: Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Explains Criminal Violence in Mexico City? A Test of Two Theories of Crime

Vilalta

Muggah²

2016

Stability: International Journal of Security &Amp; Development

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There are competing theories of what drives crime in cities and neighbourhoods. Two widely cited theoretical approaches focused on social disorganization and institutional anomie propose different explanations for the causes and dynamics of criminality. Yet these theories are seldom empirically tested, much less acknowledged, outside of North America and Western Europe. This article considers their applicability in Mexico's capital, a sprawling metropolis of more than 20 million people. The authors administer spatial and general statistical tests to explain the geographical patterns of crime rates across multiple forms of criminality. The assessment demonstrates that both theories accurately predict the spatial distribution of crime. The article concludes with a host of policy conclusions, emphasizing social crime prevention over more traditional law and order measures. and consolidating families, parents and childcare.

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Homogeneous Victim-Offender Populations: A Review and Some Research Implications

Cited by 188 publications

References 0 publications

Individual, Neighborhood, and Situational Factors Associated with Violent Victimization and Offending

Individual, Neighborhood, and Situational Factors Associated with Violent Victimization and Offending

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

What Explains Criminal Violence in Mexico City? A Test of Two Theories of Crime

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