Homogenized halides and alkali cation segregation in alloyed organic-inorganic perovskites

Correa‐Baena, Juan‐Pablo; Luo, Yanqi; Brenner, Thomas M.; Snaider, Jordan; Sun, Shijing; Li, Xueying; Jensen, Mallory A.; Hartono, Noor Titan Putri; Nienhaus, Lea; Wieghold, Sarah; Poindexter, Jeremy R.; Wang, Shen; Meng, Ying Shirley; Wang, Ti; Lai, Barry; Holt, Martin V.; Cai, Zhonghou; Bawendi, Moungi G.; Huang, Libai; Buonassisi, Tonio; Fenning, David P.

doi:10.1126/science.aah5065

Cited by 302 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[126] Rb aggregates suppressed charge collection in the 5% RbI device, as shown by XBIC ( Figure 14B-i). [126] Rb aggregates suppressed charge collection in the 5% RbI device, as shown by XBIC ( Figure 14B-i).…”

Section: A-site Cation and Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…[88,126] A negative correlation was observed between Rb concentration and EBIC signal ( Figure 14B-ii), which means that Rb clusters decreased charge collection. [88,126] A negative correlation was observed between Rb concentration and EBIC signal ( Figure 14B-ii), which means that Rb clusters decreased charge collection.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A synchrotron-based nano-XRF and other complementary methods, involving XBIC and EBIC for electronic performance, were used for the characterization of different mixed halide distributions involving the addition and combination of the three alkali metals: Cs, Rb and K. [126] Solar cells were fabricated with different perovskite combinations in which the alkali metal was studied in relation to the stoichiometry. It was shown that the halide distribution (I and Br) is homogenized for CsI, or CsI and RbI addition for three general compositions: 1) overstoichiometric, 2) stoichiometric, and 3) substoichiometric of the Pb with respect to the organic components.…”

Section: A-site Cation and Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantify a correlation between Rb distribution and local carrier collection, Adv. [126] Copyright 2019, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2019, 9,1900444 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) where it is seen that increasing Cs homogenizes the elements distribution (black color represents Cs content).…”

Section: A-site Cation and Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Hidalgo

Castro‐Méndez

Correa‐Baena

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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define the perovskite structure, decreases below 0.8 and orthorhombic, rhombohedral, or tetragonal structures tend to form. For large A-cations, layered 2D [3] and 1D [4] chain structures can be formed, e.g., Ruddlesden-Popper, Aurivillius, and Dion-Jacobson phases. Both 3D and 2D perovskites have gained the attention of the solar cell community.Lead halide perovskites are outstanding semiconductors with impressive optoelectronic properties, such as high absorption coefficient, tunable band gap, and long charge carrier lifetimes. Despite having such impressive properties, there is still a need for deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms of the perovskite materials in order to make PSCs viable for outdoor applications and commercialization. [5,6] Currently, a major challenge facing perovskites is their long-term stability, due to their sensitivity to temperature, moisture, oxygen, and ultraviolet (UV) light. [6] Furthermore, chemical and electronic stability, compositional, and crystal homogeneity in the absorber layer of PSCs are parameters that allow us to understand and ensure the maximum PCE and long-term durability of the devices.Imaging and mapping characterization techniques allow researchers to obtain insights of the nano-and microscale features related to their chemical and electronic properties, which in turn limit PSC performance and long-term durability. This review will focus on the progress of the imaging and mapping techniques that have been used understanding and designing perovskite materials. This comprehensive review will span from basic morphology characterization methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to advanced, synchrotron-based characterization using X-ray microscopy, such as X-ray fluorescence for compositional mapping, and X-ray beam induced current (XBIC) for electric performance mapping. Different imaging and mapping tools allow for correlations of different physical, chemical, optical and electrical features in space and time. These characterization techniques have helped explain phenomena that govern perovskite materials, including chemical and electrical properties and how they relate to solar cell performance. The following table summarizes the different imaging and mapping characterization techniques and their use for PSCs research.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention as efficiencies have gone beyond 24%. To achieve these impressive numbers, the PSC scientific community is working to improve the perovskite optoelectronic properties. Imaging and mapping characterization techniques have been widely used to understand the fundamental properties that allow lead halide perovskites to achieve high performance. In this review, these techniques are evaluated, from simple tools, such as electron microscopy, to more complex systems that include atomic force microscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray mapping, and ultrafast and photoluminescence mapping. These tools have helped understand lead halide perovskites and their impressive optoelectronic prope...

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Section: A-site Cation and Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: A-site Cation and Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A-site Cation and Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Hidalgo

Castro‐Méndez

Correa‐Baena

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

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“…Knowing this compositional distribution is essential as nonuniformity on the nano-/microscale affects the device optoelectronics, as highlighted in recent works. [62] For our discussion, the critical result is that the noncapacitive hysteresis appears to be uncorrelated to compositional homogeneity, i.e., the quality, of the bulk perovskite. From these images, we can state that the two films appear similar, both having bright grains interspersed within the perovskite film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Dark Hysteresis Correlate in NiO‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Girolamo

Matteocci

Kosasih

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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for commercialization. [2,3] Thus, if metal halide perovskite (PSK) solar cells are to take part in supplying the world's energy demand, device stability must be significantly improved.Several kinds of stimuli have been found to degrade PSCs. When exposed to moist atmosphere, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPI) undergoes an irreversible degradation via the formation of hydrated phases. [4,5] Even the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr 3 undergoes intricate structural modifications when exposed to relative humidity (RH) above 60%, highlighting the sensitivity of lead halide perovskites to moisture also in the absence of organic cations. [6] Perovskites are also sensitive to atmospheric oxygen, which can rapidly diffuse inside the perovskite film through grain boundaries and inside the lattice via iodine vacancies. [7] Under illumination, the superoxide anion (O 2 − ) forms, which is highly reactive and triggers lattice decomposition. [8,9] Nevertheless, proper encapsulation procedures [10,11] can mitigate or, in the best scenario, eliminate the influence of moisture or oxygen on device stability. In addition to that, metal halide perovskites are also sensitive to heat, illumination, and electrical bias, three certain conditions in photovoltaic operation. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the interfaces are a weak link with respect to degradation. Electrochemical reactivity of the perovskite's halides has been reported for both molecular and polymeric hole selective layers (HSLs), and here it is shown that also NiO brings about this decomposition mechanism.Employing NiO as an HSL in p-i-n PSCs with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.8%, noncapacitive hysteresis is found in the dark, which is attributable to the bias-induced degradation of perovskite/NiO interface. The possibility of electrochemically decoupling NiO from the perovskite via the introduction of a buffer layer is explored. Employing a hybrid magnesiumorganic interlayer, the noncapacitive hysteresis is entirely suppressed and the device's electrical stability is improved. At the same time, the PCE is improved up to 18% thanks to reduced interfacial charge recombination, which enables more efficient hole collection resulting in higher V oc and FF.

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Multi‐cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Vagott,

Correa‐Baena

2021

Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

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Homogenized halides and alkali cation segregation in alloyed organic-inorganic perovskites

Cited by 302 publications

References 34 publications

Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Imaging and Mapping Characterization Tools for Perovskite Solar Cells

Stability and Dark Hysteresis Correlate in NiO‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Multi‐cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

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