Homogenizing Zn Deposition in Hierarchical Nanoporous Cu for a High‐Current, High Areal‐Capacity Zn Flow Battery

Li, Yang; Li, Liangyu; Zhao, Yunhe; Deng, Canbin; Yi, Zhibin; Xiao, Diwen; Mubarak, Nauman; Xu, Mengyang; Liu, Jie; Luo, Guangfu; Chen, Qing; Kim, Jang Kyo

doi:10.1002/smll.202303005

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Attempting to meet these requirements, various designs of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes have been proposed to regulate the electrodeposition process. [ 8–12 ] For instance, Li et al. developed a series of advanced porous membranes for zinc‐based flow batteries, demonstrating uniform zinc electrodeposit distributions in the in‐plane direction as well as greatly improved areal capacities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tin Hybrid Flow Batteries with Ultrahigh Areal Capacities Enabled by Double Gradients

Ye,

Xiong,

Huang

et al. 2024

Small Methods

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Tin‐based hybrid flow batteries have demonstrated dendrite‐free morphology and superior performance in terms of cycle life and energy density. However, the quick accumulation of electrodeposits near the electrode/membrane interface blocks the ion transport pathway during the charging of the battery, resulting to a very limited areal capacity (especially at high current density) that significantly hinders its deployment in long‐duration storage applications. Herein, a conductivity‐activity dual‐gradient design is disclosed by electrically passivating the carbon felt near the membrane/electrode interface and chemically activating the carbon felt near the electrode/current collector interface. In consequence, the tin metals are preferentially plated at the region near electrode/current collector, preventing the ion transport pathway from being easily blocked. The resultant gradient electrode demonstrated an unprecedentedly high areal capacity of 268 mAh cm−2 at a current density of as high as 80 mA cm−2. Numerical modeling and experimental characterizations show that the dual‐gradient electrode differs from conventional electrodes with regard to their reaction current density distribution and electrodeposit distribution during charging. This work demonstrates a new design strategy of 3D electrodes for hybrid flow batteries to induce a desirable distribution of electrodeposits and achieve a high areal capacity at commercially relevant current densities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to homogenize the zinc deposition, delivering 200 h of stable cycles in a Zn–I 2 flow battery at 60 mAh cm −2 and 60 mA cm −2 . [ 12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin Hybrid Flow Batteries with Ultrahigh Areal Capacities Enabled by Double Gradients

Ye,

Xiong,

Huang

et al. 2024

Small Methods

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Arrays of Hierarchical Zincophilic Nanorods with Trapping‐and‐Leveling Deposition for Ultrastable Zn Metal Anodes

Tian,

Wang,

Xie

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are highly promising for large‐scale sustainable energy storage applications, but there remain serious problems such as Zn dendrites and side reactions that limit the cycling performance. Herein, arrays of core–shell nanorods on Cu foam are developed to stabilize zinc anodes, which have a hierarchical topological structure consisting of N‐doped carbon layers embedded with a zincophilic component of Cu5Zn8 alloy (Cu5Zn8@NC). It is found that the inner Cu5Zn8 alloys have minimized nucleation barriers and act as preferred nucleation sites, and the hierarchical arrays provide the protective layers to further accommodate the high‐capacity plating Zn, leading to a trapping‐and‐leveling process of Zn deposition. The as‐obtained Zn layers play an important role in homogenizing the interfacial ionic fluxes and reducing the local current densities. As a result, the optimized Cu5Zn8@NC host yields a superb Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 5000 plating/stripping cycles, and the corresponding symmetric cell delivers an ultralong dendrite‐free cycle life of 7000 h with a low overpotential of 16.5 mV at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. The ZIB assembled with the zinc anode and a V2O5 cathode exhibits long‐term charging/discharging cycles as well, up to 89.2% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles.

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Multidentate Chelating Ligands Enable High‐Performance Zinc‐Bromine Flow Batteries

Xia,

Xie,

Gao

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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Zinc bromine flow battery (ZBFB) is a promising battery technology for stationary energy storage. However, challenges specific to zinc anodes must be resolved, including zinc dendritic growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and the occurrence of "dead zinc". Traditional additives suppress side reactions and zinc dendrite formation by altering the solvation structure of Zn2+ and adsorbing onto the zinc surface through only a limited number of zincophilic sites, resulting in weak adsorption on zinc metal and potential inability to simultaneously optimize the solvation structure of zinc ions. Obviously, increasing the number of potential zincophilic sites in the additive can significantly enhance the interaction with zinc. Herein, we propose a strong chelate, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMPA) as the additive, which boasts six potent zincophilic sites, not only promotes the formation of the water‐deficient inner Helmholtz plane but also plays a crucial role in restructuring the solvation environment of Zn2+. As a result, the zinc symmetric flow battery with EDTMPA exhibited exceptional coulombic efficiency of 99.4% over 800 cycles, surpassing the previous studies by a significant margin. Furthermore, the assembled ZBFB has showcased a dendrite‐free and enduring cycling over 400 cycles at 80 mA cm−2.

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Homogenizing Zn Deposition in Hierarchical Nanoporous Cu for a High‐Current, High Areal‐Capacity Zn Flow Battery

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Tin Hybrid Flow Batteries with Ultrahigh Areal Capacities Enabled by Double Gradients

Tin Hybrid Flow Batteries with Ultrahigh Areal Capacities Enabled by Double Gradients

Arrays of Hierarchical Zincophilic Nanorods with Trapping‐and‐Leveling Deposition for Ultrastable Zn Metal Anodes

Multidentate Chelating Ligands Enable High‐Performance Zinc‐Bromine Flow Batteries

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