Homogenous genetic structure in populations of &lt;i&gt;Taxus baccata&lt;/i&gt; with varied proportions of male and female individuals

Litkowiec, Monika; Plitta-Michalak, Beata Patrycja; Lewandowski, Andrzej; Iszkuło, Grzegorz

doi:10.14214/sf.1236

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…One is the unequal sex ratios. Although studies conducted by Litkowiec et al (2015) revealed that the biased sex ratios of 32-68 % females between T. baccata populations had no effect on the assessment of genetic diversity, the potential extremely low percentage of females within a T. yunnanensis population would consistently support the results of a study by Frankham (1995) in which unequal sex ratios were found to greatly reduce Ne to below the actual population size. However, it was difficult for us to find microand macro-strobili to enable accurate determination of the sex for many trees in these two populations because they were too high to reach (>10.0 m, see Table S1).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 83%

Low genetic diversity in the endangeredTaxus yunnanensisfollowing a population bottleneck, a low effective population size and increased inbreeding

Miao

Zhang

2016

Silvae Genetica

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Taxus yunnanensis, which is an endangered tree that is considered valuable because it contains the effective natural anticancer metabolite taxol and heteropolysaccharides, has long suffered from severe habitat fragmentation. In this study, the levels of genetic diversity in two populations of 136 individuals were analyzed based on eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our results suggested that these two populations were characterized by low genetic diversity (NE = 2.303/2.557; HO = 0.168/0.142; HE = 0.453/0.517), a population bottleneck, a low effective population size (Ne = 7/9), a high level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.596/0.702), and a weak, but significant spatial genetic structure (Sp = 0.001, b = −0.001*). Habitat fragmentation, seed shadow overlap and limited seed and pollen dispersal and potential selfing may have contributed to the observed gene tic structure. The results of the present study will enable development of practical conservation measures to effectively conserve the valuable genetic resources of this endangered plant.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 83%

Low genetic diversity in the endangeredTaxus yunnanensisfollowing a population bottleneck, a low effective population size and increased inbreeding

Miao

Zhang

2016

Silvae Genetica

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“…Deviation of genotypic frequency from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was identified utilizing inbreeding coefficients (F IS ), for which significance levels were adjusted using the exact test based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC) implemented in GENEPOP v. 4.0 [6]. Null alleles are typically present in SSR markers (e.g., [7]) and can overestimate the F-statistic in populations due to false homozygotes. Therefore, the frequency of null alleles (N 0 ) at each locus and the inbreeding coefficient F IS with null allele correction (F IS Null ) were estimated based on the individual inbreeding model (IIM) with a Gibbs sampler with 105 iterations using INEST 1.0 software [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of the old black poplar population along the bank of the Vistula River in Poland

Lewandowski

Litkowiec

2016

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is one of the main woody riparian species in Europe. Because of extensive habitat loss due to river regulations, this species is considered rare and threatened. To analyze genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure, we examined ten nuclear microsatellite loci in a population of very old P. nigra trees growing along the Vistula River in Poland. We found a high level of genetic diversity (H E = 0.792, H O = 0.731, A = 14.7) that was within the range of other natural European P. nigra populations, and our results showed that sexual propagation is the dominant way of reproduction in the studied population, leading to high clonal diversity (R = 0.91). Additionally, we did not detect a spatial genetic structure resulting in a random spatial distribution of genotypes. Individuals from such old and diverse populations have the potential to provide valuable reproductive material for both restoration programs and breeding purposes.

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“…On the contrary, 'Cisy Staropolskie' represents a yew population with sex proportions significantly biased towards males (67% males; estimated based on a sample of 242 individuals; see Iszkuło et al, 2009). It should be stressed that 'Cisy Staropolskie' seems to represent an exceptionally high proportion of males compared with the average sex proportions of the species (c. 50%; see Iszkuło et al, 2009;Litkowiec et al, 2015). Male-biased sex proportions can be, at least partly, attributable to limited availability of water and stand density.…”

Section: Natural Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative strength of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA in a dioecious plant depends on both sex proportions and pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio

et al. 2016

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In plants, the spatial genetic structure (SGS) is shaped mainly by gene dispersal and effective population density. Among additional factors, the mode of DNA inheritance and dioecy influence SGS. However, their joint impact on SGS remains unclear, especially in the case of paternally inherited DNA. Using theoretical approximations and computer simulations, here we showed that the relative intensity of SGS measured in paternally and biparentally inherited DNA in a dioecious plant population depends on both the proportion of males and the pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio. As long as males do not prevail in a population, SGS is more intense in paternally than biparentally inherited DNA. When males prevail, the intensity of SGS in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA depends on the compound effect of sex proportions and the pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio. To empirically validate our predictions, we used the case of Taxus baccata, a dioecious European tree. First, we showed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in T. baccata is predominantly (98%) paternally inherited. Subsequently, using nuclear DNA (nuDNA) and mitochondrial microsatellite data, we compared the fine-scale SGS intensity at both marker types in two natural populations. The population with equal sex proportions showed stronger SGS in mtDNA than in nuDNA. On the other hand, we found lower SGS intensity in mtDNA than in nuDNA in the population with 67% males. Thus, the empirical results provided good support for the theoretical predictions, suggesting that knowledge about SGS in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA may provide insight into effective sex proportions within dioecious populations.

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Homogenous genetic structure in populations of <i>Taxus baccata</i> with varied proportions of male and female individuals

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Low genetic diversity in the endangeredTaxus yunnanensisfollowing a population bottleneck, a low effective population size and increased inbreeding

Low genetic diversity in the endangeredTaxus yunnanensisfollowing a population bottleneck, a low effective population size and increased inbreeding

Genetic structure of the old black poplar population along the bank of the Vistula River in Poland

Relative strength of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA in a dioecious plant depends on both sex proportions and pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio

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