Homothallic switching of yeast mating type cassettes is initiated by a double-stranded cut in the MAT locus

Strathern, Jeffrey N.; Klar, Amar J. S.; Hicks, James; Abraham, Judith A.; Ivy, John M.; Nasmyth, Kim; McGill, Carolyn

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90418-4

Cited by 401 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This finding remains an unexplained feature of the hotspot recombination. It is generally thought that recombination efficiency is limited by the frequency of the recombination initiating event, such as the doublestranded chromosomal break (Strathern et al 1982;Szostak et al 1983) and that once initiation has occurred in one of the chromosomes/chromatids, its recombination and DNA repair ensues efficiently by interactions with the sister chromatid and/or with the homolog. Why does the wild-type mat1 locus present in one of the homologs not undergo efficient recombination in the diploid cell when the other mat1 allele is compromised in switching ability?…”

Section: Possible Modes Of Chromosome 2 Strand Segregation In Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased segregation of fission yeast chromosome 2 strands to daughter cells

Klar

Bonaduce

2013

Chromosome Res

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The base complementarity feature (Watson and Crick in Nature 171(4356): [737][738] 1953) and the rule of semi-conservative mode of DNA replication (Messelson and Stahl in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 44: [671][672][673][674][675][676][677][678][679][680][681][682] 1958) dictate that two identical replicas of the parental chromosome are produced during replication. In principle, the inherent strand sequence differences could generate nonequivalent daughter chromosome replicas if one of the two strands were epigenetically imprinted during replication to effect silencing/expression of developmentally important genes. Indeed, inheritance of such a strand-and sitespecific imprint confers developmental asymmetry to fission yeast sister cells by a phenomenon called mating/cell-type switching. Curiously, location of DNA strands with respect to each other at the centromere is fixed, and as a result, their selected segregation to specific sister chromatid copies occurs in eukaryotic cells. The yeast system provides a unique opportunity to determine the significance of such biased strand distribution to sister chromatids. We determined whether the cylindrical-shaped yeast cell distributes the specific chromosomal strand to the same cellular pole in successive cycles of cell division. By observing the pattern of recurrent mating-type switching in progenies of individual cells by microscopic analyses, we found that chromosome 2 strands are distributed by the random mode in successive cell divisions. We also exploited unusual "hotspot" recombination features of this system to investigate whether there is selective segregation of strands such that oldest Watsoncontaining strands co-segregate in the diploid cell at mitosis. Our data suggests that chromosome 2 strands are segregated independently to those of the homologous chromosome.

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Section: Possible Modes Of Chromosome 2 Strand Segregation In Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unbiased segregation of fission yeast chromosome 2 strands to daughter cells

Klar

Bonaduce

2013

Chromosome Res

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“…strains are almost identical to each other, and homozygous for almost all SNP loci; they have probably resulted from diploidization via the HO system (Strathern et al, 1982), which allows a haploid strain to double-up producing a diploid that is homozygous at all loci, save the mating type locus. Each group of strains was clustered in neighbouring branches of the phylogenetic tree (Figure 1).…”

Section: K=4 K=6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of SNPs for assessing biodiversity and phylogeny among yeast strains

et al. 2005

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We examined the efficacy of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for the assessment of the phylogeny and biodiversity of Saccharomyces strains. Each of 32 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains was genotyped at 30 SNP loci discovered by sequence alignment of the S. cerevisiae laboratory strain SK1 to the database sequence of strain S288c. In total, 10 SNPs were selected from each of the following three categories: promoter regions, nonsynonymous and synonymous sites (in open reading frames). The strains in this study included 11 haploid laboratory strains used for genetic studies and 21 diploids. Three non-cerevisiae species of Saccharomyces (sensu stricto) were used as an out-group. A Bayesian clustering-algorithm, Structure, effectively identified four different strain groups: laboratory, wine, other diploids and the non-cerevisiae species. Analysing haploid and diploid strains together caused problems for phylogeny reconstruction, but not for the clustering produced by Structure. The ascertainment bias introduced by the SNP discovery method caused difficulty in the phylogenetic analysis; alternative options are proposed. A smaller data set, comprising only the nine most polymorphic loci, was sufficient to obtain most features of the results. Heredity (2005) 95, 493-501.

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“…DSBs were also detected in the beststudied example of recombination in mitotic cells, the switching of MAT genes (Strathern et al 1982). However, the first articulation of the idea that recombination was initiated by a DSB, was presented by Resnick (1976), based on the repair of chromosome breaks created by ionizing radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repairing a double–strand chromosome break by homologous recombination: revisiting Robin Holliday's model

Haber

Ira

Malkova

et al. 2004

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Since the pioneering model for homologous recombination proposed by Robin Holliday in 1964, there has been great progress in understanding how recombination occurs at a molecular level. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one can follow recombination by physically monitoring DNA after the synchronous induction of a double-strand break (DSB) in both wild-type and mutant cells. A particularly well-studied system has been the switching of yeast mating-type (MAT ) genes, where a DSB can be induced synchronously by expression of the site-specific HO endonuclease. Similar studies can be performed in meiotic cells, where DSBs are created by the Spo11 nuclease. There appear to be at least two competing mechanisms of homologous recombination: a synthesis-dependent strand annealing pathway leading to noncrossovers and a two-end strand invasion mechanism leading to formation and resolution of Holliday junctions (HJs), leading to crossovers. The establishment of a modified replication fork during DSB repair links gene conversion to another important repair process, break-induced replication. Despite recent revelations, almost 40 years after Holliday's model was published, the essential ideas he proposed of strand invasion and heteroduplex DNA formation, the formation and resolution of HJs, and mismatch repair, remain the basis of our thinking.

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Homothallic switching of yeast mating type cassettes is initiated by a double-stranded cut in the MAT locus

Cited by 401 publications

References 32 publications

Unbiased segregation of fission yeast chromosome 2 strands to daughter cells

Unbiased segregation of fission yeast chromosome 2 strands to daughter cells

Application of SNPs for assessing biodiversity and phylogeny among yeast strains

Repairing a double–strand chromosome break by homologous recombination: revisiting Robin Holliday's model

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