“…The accuracy of the approximate solution can also be determined without needing the exact solution, especially in the nonlinear equations [7,9,11]. In recent years, many new methods, such as He's homotopy perturbation method [13,20,21], modified homotopy perturbation method [22], Adomian decomposition method [13,23], variational iteration methods [13,24,25], and many more, were used to solve integral and integro-differential equations. Finally, Al-Hayani [26] combined Laplace transform-Adomian decomposition method to solve nth-order integro-differential equations.…”