Honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasite Varroa destructor: a systematic review of phenotypic and genomic research efforts

Mondet, Fanny; Beaurepaire, Alexis; McAfee, Alison; Locke, Barbara; Alaux, Cédric; Blanchard, Solène; Danka, Bob; Conte, Yves Le

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.03.005

Cited by 121 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…The terminology SMR implies an active contribution of an external agent to the reproduction failure of varroa, even though such failure can be intrinsic to the varroa, as described above. This is why the new terminology, mite non-reproduction (MNR), has been recently proposed [24] and will be used thereafter in this study. Bees that express VSH can detect and remove a varroa-infested brood before the foundress can produce fertile daughter mites [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive Analysis of the Varroa Non-Reproduction Trait in Honey Bee Colonies and Association with Other Traits Related to Varroa Resistance

Sann

Basso

Guirao³

et al. 2020

Insects

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In the current context of worldwide honey bee colony losses, among which the varroa mite plays a major role, the hope to improve honey bee health lies in part in the breeding of varroa resistant colonies. To do so, methods used to evaluate varroa resistance need better understanding. Repeatability and correlations between traits such as mite non-reproduction (MNR), varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH), and hygienic behavior are poorly known, due to practical limitations and to their underlying complexity. We investigate (i) the variability, (ii) the repeatability of the MNR score, and (iii) its correlation with other resistance traits. To reduce the inherent variability of MNR scores, we propose to apply an empirical Bayes correction. In the short-term (ten days), MNR had a modest repeatability of 0.4, whereas in the long-term (a month), it had a low repeatability of 0.2, similar to other resistance traits. Within our dataset, there was no correlation between MNR and VSH. Although MNR is amongst the most popular varroa resistance estimates in field studies, its underlying complex mechanism is not fully understood. Its lack of correlation with better described resistance traits and low repeatability suggest that MNR needs to be interpreted cautiously, especially when used for selection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive Analysis of the Varroa Non-Reproduction Trait in Honey Bee Colonies and Association with Other Traits Related to Varroa Resistance

Sann

Basso

Guirao³

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…There have been many differential expression studies analyzing transcript and protein profiles associated with hygienic behavior, VSH and to a lesser extent grooming (also reviewed in [80]).…”

Section: Genetic Foundation Of Hygienic Behavior Vsh and Groomingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some consistent trends include the differential regulation of odorant binding proteins, genes in the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) superfamily, and genes involved in biogenic amine chemoreception [80]. There is a disconcertingly low degree of congruency among the differentially regulated genes identified by different researchers.…”

Section: Genetic Foundation Of Hygienic Behavior Vsh and Groomingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a disconcertingly low degree of congruency among the differentially regulated genes identified by different researchers. However, most have generally concluded that olfaction, neural signal transduction, and ligand degradation are key molecular processes underlying hygienic behavior and VSH [80]. This suggests that in addition to phenotypic plasticity -that is, one genotype giving rise to many phenotypes -varroa resistance mechanisms may also be presenting a degree of genotypic plasticity, i.e., different biochemical pathways (with presumably different underlying genetic control) ultimately result in similar phenotypes.…”

Section: Genetic Foundation Of Hygienic Behavior Vsh and Groomingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varroa-resistant populations share traits that permit survival despite parasite infection (reviewed in [81] and [80]). One of these adaptations is an elevated rate of re-capping behavior, which may disrupt varroa-reproduction without social apoptosis, thereby reducing the colonylevel cost of natural varroa defense [77].…”

Section: Conserved Traits In Naturally Resistant Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<em>Varroa destructor</em>: A Complex Parasite, Crippling Honey bees Worldwide

Traynor¹,

Mondet

Miranda³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has shaken the beekeeping and pollination industries since its spread from its native host, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), to the naïve European honey bee (A. mellifera) used commercially for pollination and honey production around the globe. Varroa is the greatest threat to honey bee health. Worrying observations include increasing acaricide resistance in the varroa population and sinking economic treatment thresholds, suggesting that the mites or their vectored viruses are becoming more virulent. Highly infested weak colonies facilitate mite dispersal and disease transmission to stronger and healthier colonies. Here, we review recent developments in the biology, pathology and management of varroa, and integrate older knowledge that is less well known.

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Density of wild honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies worldwide

Visick,

Ratnieks

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The western honey bee, Apis mellifera, lives worldwide in approximately 102 million managed hives but also wild throughout much of its native and introduced range. Despite the global importance of A. mellifera as a crop pollinator, wild colonies have received comparatively little attention in the scientific literature and basic information regarding their density and abundance is scattered. Here, we review 40 studies that have quantified wild colony density directly (n = 33) or indirectly using genetic markers (n = 7) and analyse data from 41 locations worldwide to identify factors that influence wild colony density. We also compare the density of wild and managed colonies at a regional scale using data on managed colonies from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Wild colony densities varied from 0.1 to 24.2/km2 and were significantly lower in Europe (average of 0.26/km2) than in Northern America (1.4/km2), Oceania (4.4/km2), Latin America (6.7/km2) and Africa (6.8/km2). Regional differences were not significant after controlling for both temperature and survey area, suggesting that cooler climates and larger survey areas may be responsible for the low densities reported in Europe. Managed colony densities were 2.2/km2 in Asia, 1.2/km2 in Europe, 0.2/km2, in Northern America, 0.2/km2 in Oceania, 0.5/km2 in Latin America and 1/km2 in Africa. Wild colony densities exceeded those of managed colonies in all regions except Europe and Asia. Overall, there were estimated to be between two and three times as many wild colonies as managed worldwide. More wild colony surveys, particularly in Asia and South America, are needed to assess the relative density of wild and managed colonies at smaller spatial scales.

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Honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasite Varroa destructor: a systematic review of phenotypic and genomic research efforts

Cited by 121 publications

References 172 publications

Descriptive Analysis of the Varroa Non-Reproduction Trait in Honey Bee Colonies and Association with Other Traits Related to Varroa Resistance

Descriptive Analysis of the Varroa Non-Reproduction Trait in Honey Bee Colonies and Association with Other Traits Related to Varroa Resistance

<em>Varroa destructor</em>: A Complex Parasite, Crippling Honey bees Worldwide

Density of wild honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies worldwide

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