Hoof conformation in Icelandic competition horses and its interrelationship with hoof pathologies and tölt performance

Abstract

In order to improve four-beat-rhythm and forelimb action of tölt in Icelandic horses (ICE), special shoeing techniques are applied particularly in front hooves by increasing hoof length and height. Although regulations limit dorsal hoof wall length (LDHW) in competition ICE, their shoeing often deviates from a biomechanically optimal distal limb conformation.This study qualitatively and quantitatively describes current shoeing practices of ICE in competition. Moreover, the influence of LDHW on the occurrence of deviations from a standard hoof conformation, as well as on tölt performance was investigated.At four European competition sites, hoof dimensions of 133 randomly selected ICE were measured manually, and limb conformation and hoof balance were described. Dorsopalmar/plantar and lateromedial radiographs of the left front and hind hooves were taken and various parameters related to hoof dimensions and balance were measured using the Metron-Hoof-Pro software.Toe flares had the highest prevalence of all investigated hoof deformities. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that longer LDHW was associated with the occurrence of toe flares (P=0.045), a broken hoof pastern axis (P=0.003), and asymmetry of the quarter wall heights (P=0.015). However, horses with longer LDHW achieved higher competition scores. In spite of its positive effect on tölt quality, a long LDHW is not recommendable as it may be associated with higher prevalence of certain hoof deformities.

Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations

“…Throughout history, horse breeders have developed routine trimming and shoeing techniques aimed at improving hoof balance by addressing factors such as hoof angle, length, mediolateral equilibrium, sole thickness, and the way the hoof interacts with the ground [6] to improve the horse movement. But also, a substantial body of research exists about the 'optimal' conformation of sport breed horses, such as Thoroughbreds [7][8][9][10], Warmbloods [11,12], Hanoverian warmblood horses [13], Trotting [14], Arabian [15], New Zealand Standardbred [16], Iceandic [17], and Pura Raza Española (PRE) [18]. Wilson et al [6] identified a significant relationship between movement asymmetry and foot conformation in horses.…”