Hookworm Infection in Oceania

Bradbury, Richard S.; Traub, Rebecca

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43148-2_2

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In 1918, hookworm was considered such a serious problem in North Queensland that a five-year campaign to eradicate the disease was instigated and although considered successful, hookworm infection continued to be a problem in Aboriginal communities [ 53 , 88 ]. The majority of published papers on STH in Australia are relatively old, with very few published in the last 10 years.…”

Section: Sth and Strongyloides In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent molecular analysis of hookworm species has been important for speciation and shows a different epidemiological pattern than previously thought, including a much higher prevalence of A. ceylanicum, which had been considered to be only a rare infection in humans [ 4 , 11 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. This is due in part to the morphological similarity of eggs and larval stages between hookworm species leading to misdiagnosis, and partly due to initial erroneous assumptions of their epidemiology [ 53 ]. While dogs are thought to be the primary source of zoonotic A. ceylanicum, there is evidence that human–human transmission can occur [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia

et al. 2017

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect 2 billion people worldwide including significant numbers in South-East Asia (SEA). In Australia, STH are of less concern; however, indigenous communities are endemic for STH, including Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as for serious clinical infections due to other helminths such as Toxocara spp. The zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum is also present in Australia and SEA, and may contribute to human infections particularly among pet owners. High human immigration rates to Australia from SEA, which is highly endemic for STH Strongyloides and Toxocara, has resulted in a high prevalence of these helminthic infections in immigrant communities, particularly since such individuals are not screened for worm infections upon entry. In this review, we consider the current state of STH infections in Australia and SEA.

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Section: Sth and Strongyloides In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia

et al. 2017

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“…In rare cases, A. caninum larvae develop into pre-adult, non-patent worms in the human intestine, causing eosinophilic enteritis (Landmann and Prociv, 2003). It is likely that this zoonosis is grossly underdiagnosed due to the obscure and non-specific clinical signs that often accompany the infection coupled with the challenges of diagnosis (Bradbury and Traub, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification of zoonotic hookworms in dogs from four counties of Kenya

et al. 2019

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All canine hookworms are known to be zoonotic, causing infections ranging from transient skin irritations to prolonged ‘creeping eruptions’, eosinophilic enteritis and even patent intestinal infections. There is little information on canine hookworm species and their public health significance in sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the prevalence and species of hookworms in dogs from different climatic zones of Kenya. Dog faecal samples were collected from the environment, and hookworm eggs were isolated by zinc chloride flotation and subjected to DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2, 5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNA of Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria stenocephala were performed, and hookworm species were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or DNA sequencing. Hookworm eggs were detected by microscopy in 490/1621 (30.23%, 95% CI 28.01–32.54) faecal samples. Estimates of faecal prevalence were high in counties receiving higher rainfall (Narok 46.80%, Meru 44.88%) and low in those with a more arid climate (Isiolo 19.73%, Turkana 11.83%). In a subset of 70 faecal samples, Ancylostoma caninum (n = 59) was the most common species, followed by A. braziliense (n = 10) and A. cf. duodenale (n = 1). This study reports for the first time the detection of A. cf. duodenale in dog faeces and zoonotic hookworm species in Kenyan dogs. These findings emphasize the need for control measures such as enforcing laws for restraining stray dogs, regular deworming of dogs, and public health awareness programmes aimed at informing communities on outdoor use of footwear.

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“…Hookworms in humans can contribute to iron deficiency anaemia and can have an impact on maternal and child health [16]. Hookworm infection in humans was considered a widespread public health problem in parts of Australia until intervention campaigns successfully eradicated it from the mainstream population [17][18][19][20][21]. Only a single autochthonous case of A. ceylanicum in humans was reported in Western Australia and an imported case was reported in an Australian soldier returning from the Solomon Islands [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities

et al. 2020

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Both Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms are common soil-transmitted helminths in remote Australian communities. In addition to infecting humans, S. stercoralis and some species of hookworms infect canids and therefore present both environmental and zoonotic sources of transmission to humans. Currently, there is limited information available on the prevalence of hookworms and S. stercoralis infections in dogs living in communities across the Northern Territory in Australia. In this study, 274 dog faecal samples and 11 faecal samples of unknown origin were collected from the environment and directly from animals across 27 remote communities in Northern and Central Australia. Samples were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for the presence of S. stercoralis and four hookworm species: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala. The prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was found to be 21.9% (60/274). A. caninum was the only hookworm detected in the dog samples, with a prevalence of 31.4% (86/274). This study provides an insight into the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworms in dogs and informs future intervention and prevention strategies aimed at controlling these parasites in both dogs and humans. A “One Health” approach is crucial for the prevention of these diseases in Australia.

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Hookworm Infection in Oceania

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia

Molecular identification of zoonotic hookworms in dogs from four counties of Kenya

Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities

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