Hop tree (<i>Ptelea trifoliata</i>) in Canada: population and reproductive biology of a rare species

Ambrose, John D.; Kevan, Peter G.; Gadawski, Randy M.

doi:10.1139/b85-272

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The species spreads mainly along compartment boundaries, where it has the best conditions for germination (less vegetation cover, better access to light). They are the primary routes of hoptree seed dispersal, as it is an anemochoric species (Ambrose et al 1985). As a result, single plants appear some distance away from the existing P. trifoliate clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The station of the hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata L. ssp. trifoliata) in the forests of the Wyszków Forest District

Ciosek

Krechowski

Piórek

et al. 2015

Forest Research Papers

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This paper presents the results of studies carried out on Ptelea trifoliata populations in the Wyszków Forest District in 1998 and 2013. P. trifoliata is a native species of North America (United States of America, northern part of Canada) and has a wide ecological range. However, it prefers fertile, wet soils and moderate light. In Europe, it is planted for its decorative value and is mainly found in synanthropic habitats (parks, graveyards, roadsides, fortifications) in Poland. The station of P. trifoliata is situated in the oak-hornbeam forest, Tilio-Carpinetum typicum, with a significant fraction of the stand consisting of Pinus sylvestris. Hop trees occur mainly along forest section lines and are rarely found inside the sections. In the last 15 years, an increase in the number and size of P. trifoliata clusters has been observed. The species spreads along forest section lines, which form a convenient migration route by creating favourable conditions for the germination and growth of seedlings (good access to light, fragments of bare soil). The presence of new individuals far from the pre-existing clusters indicates that the generative way of propagation dominates. Biometric measures indicate significant differences in length and width of whole leaves as well as leaflets, with leaves and leaflets of vegetative specimens significantly larger than generative ones. As a consequence of the high rate of P. trifoliata expansion along forest section lines and occurrence of single specimens inside the forest sections, we assume this species to be potentially invasive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The station of the hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata L. ssp. trifoliata) in the forests of the Wyszków Forest District

Ciosek

Krechowski

Piórek

et al. 2015

Forest Research Papers

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“…The larvae of the moths Agonopterix pteleae and Agonopterix costimacula feed exclusively on P. trifoliata in Illinois (Harrison and Berenbaum, 2005). The flowers attract a variety of insect families as well (Ambrose et al, 1985;Stewart, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…P. trifoliata blooms in late May to June in Iowa, and P. crenulata blooms in April (Ambrose et al, 1985;Dirr, 1998). This dioecious species has small greenish-white pistillate and creamy-white staminate flowers that form rounded inflorescences (Ambrose et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Aromatics of Ptelea: Chemical Identification and Human Response

Stewart

Boylston

Wilson

et al. 2022

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Many members of the citrus family (Rutaceae) are valued for the aromatic compounds emitted by their flowers. Ptelea species are unusually cold-hardy members of the Rutaceae, but conflicting descriptions of the fragrance of their unisexual flowers may discourage the use of these trees. We analyzed floral volatiles and human response to these chemicals to test the hypothesis that the fragrance of staminate and pistillate flowers of these species differs. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that most volatile chemicals emitted by flowers of Ptelea trifoliata and Ptelea crenulata are monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and esters. Most volatiles were emitted from flowers of both sexes, but ethyl benzoate and estragole were emitted only from pistillate flowers. When concentrations of aromatics differed between sexes, they were higher for pistillate flowers, except for cis-3-hexenyl butanoate and an unidentified terpene. For P. crenulata and P. trifoliata, respectively, 81% and 77% of survey responses were from volunteers who liked the fragrance. Panelists most frequently described the scent of flowers of P. crenulata of both sexes with the words citrus, lime, and sweet. Panelists distinguished between pistillate and staminate flowers of P. trifoliata, describing the odor of pistillate flowers most frequently with the words damp-earthy, spicy, and sweet; staminate flowers were perceived as light, fresh, grassy, and pleasant. This work represents the first analysis of floral volatiles of P. crenulata and resolves conflicting prior reports regarding the floral fragrance of P. trifoliata. We conclude that differences among people rather than the sex of flowers account for conflicting prior reports of floral fragrance. The scents of flowers of P. crenulata and P. trifoliata appeal to most people and are horticultural assets of these trees.

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“…The small greenish-white pistillate and the creamy-white staminate flowers form inflorescences that emit a strong, unique fragrance (Knuth, 1908;Kurz, 1997;McMinn, 1989;Nokes, 2001). Almost entirely dioecious, P. trifoliata blooms in late May to June, and P. crenulata blooms in April (Ambrose et al, 1985;Dirr, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ptelea crenulata is found in California and P. aptera is found in Baja California (Yang and Applequist, 2015). In Canada, 102 species of insects from 40 families visit P. trifoliata and are thought to be pollinators (Ambrose et al, 1985). Leaves are eaten by larvae of swallowtail butterflies and grasshoppers (Scriber and Dowell, 1991;Sword and Dopman, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Stratification and Pericarp Removal Improve Seed Germination of Ptelea trifoliata and Ptelea crenulata

Talcott¹,

Graves²

2020

horts

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Two species of North American shrubs in the genus Ptelea (Rutaceae), commonly known as eastern and western hoptree or wafer ash, have unfulfilled potential to increase the diversity of managed landscapes and support populations of pollinators and swallowtail butterflies. The white flowers of Ptelea are highly fragrant, and pistillate flowers give rise to clusters of distinctive samaras. The insufficiency of information about improving germination of seeds of Ptelea trifoliata and lack of recommendations for Ptelea crenulata prompted us to investigate effects of pericarp removal and cold (4 °C) stratification periods of 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks on the germination of seeds of these two species. Samaras were collected from multiple plants of both species in the midwestern United States (P. trifoliata) and California (P. crenulata). The germination percentage of viable seeds, calculated after tests of viability with tetrazolium chloride of seeds that did not germinate, increased with longer stratification periods, with 100% germination for P. crenulata and 91% germination for P. trifoliata after 16 weeks of stratification. The germination value, a measure of the speed and uniformity of germination, and peak value also increased with longer stratification in both species. Pericarp removal increased the germination percentage of both species and increased the peak and germination value of P. crenulata. Propagators seeking to grow these species of Ptelea from seed should remove the pericarp and cold-stratify seeds for 16 weeks to improve germination success.

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Hop tree (Ptelea trifoliata) in Canada: population and reproductive biology of a rare species

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

The station of the hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata L. ssp. trifoliata) in the forests of the Wyszków Forest District

The station of the hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata L. ssp. trifoliata) in the forests of the Wyszków Forest District

Floral Aromatics of Ptelea: Chemical Identification and Human Response

Cold Stratification and Pericarp Removal Improve Seed Germination of Ptelea trifoliata and Ptelea crenulata

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