Hopes Beyond PET Recycling: Environmentally Clean and Engineeringly Applicable

Shamsi, Ramin; Sadeghi, Gity Mir Mohamad; Vahabi, Henri; Seyfi, Javad; Sheibani, Reza; Zarrintaj, Payam; Laoutid, Fouad; Saeb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1007/s10924-019-01507-x

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained recognition as very attractive materials due to their unique properties, including great electrical conductivity (100 times greater than copper), excellent mechanical strength (100 times greater than steel), high thermal conductivity, stable chemical properties, extremely high thermal stability, and an ideal one-dimensional (1D) structure with anisotropy [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Conventionally, methane, natural gas, acetylene, and benzene from nonrenewable resources have been utilized as a feedstock for CNTs production.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the produced vapors from the first stage contain a significant amount of hydrogen, which plays an undeniable role in the formation of CNTs. Hydrogen moderates the rate of carbon deposition and prevents catalyst deactivation and poisoning by continuous surface cleansing of the catalyst surfaces [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. A SEM image of CNT growth on Ni-based catalyst is shown in Figure 4 .…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review

2021

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Plastic production has been rapidly growing across the world and, at the end of their use, many of the plastic products become waste disposed of in landfills or dispersed, causing serious environmental and health issues. From a sustainability point of view, the conversion of plastic waste to fuels or, better yet, to individual monomers, leads to a much greener waste management compared to landfill disposal. In this paper, we systematically review the potential of pyrolysis as an effective thermochemical conversion method for the valorization of plastic waste. Different pyrolysis types, along with the influence of operating conditions, e.g., catalyst types, temperature, vapor residence time, and plastic waste types, on yields, quality, and applications of the cracking plastic products are discussed. The quality of pyrolysis plastic oil, before and after upgrading, is compared to conventional diesel fuel. Plastic oil yields as high as 95 wt.% can be achieved through slow pyrolysis. Plastic oil has a heating value approximately equivalent to that of diesel fuel, i.e., 45 MJ/kg, no sulfur, a very low water and ash content, and an almost neutral pH, making it a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fuels. This oil, as-is or after minor modifications, can be readily used in conventional diesel engines. Fast pyrolysis mainly produces wax rather than oil. However, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, waxy products further crack into oil. Wax is an intermediate feedstock and can be used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units to produce fuel or other valuable petrochemical products. Flash pyrolysis of plastic waste, performed at high temperatures, i.e., near 1000 °C, and with very short vapor residence times, i.e., less than 250 ms, can recover up to 50 wt.% ethylene monomers from polyethylene waste. Alternatively, pyrolytic conversion of plastic waste to olefins can be performed in two stages, with the conversion of plastic waste to plastic oil, followed by thermal cracking of oil to monomers in a second stage. The conversion of plastic waste to carbon nanotubes, representing a higher-value product than fuel, is also discussed in detail. The results indicate that up to 25 wt.% of waste plastic can be converted into carbon nanotubes.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review

2021

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“…Nevertheless, biowastes in their raw form may lead to poor properties mainly arising from inadequate interfacial adhesion. Therefore, it seems necessary to modify biowastes to attain high-performance polymer/biowastes composites [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials

et al. 2021

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Development of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG) to develop a sustainable highly efficient flame retardant. A considerable reduction in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) by 40% was observed in the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter analysis (PCFC), which proved the merit of the used coffee biowastes for being used as sustainable flame retardants for polymers. This work would open new opportunities to investigate the impact of other sorts of coffee wastes rather than SCG from different sectors of the coffee industry on polymers of different family.

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“…Inspired by the work by Hobbs and coworkers,[5] prediction of morphology of ternary polymer blends has experienced an evolutionary period, starting from simple ternary systems in which no compatibilizer was used to systems reactively compatibilized with dual‐character coupling agents[6–10]. Attention has particularly been paid in recent years to analyze interface region in polymer systems by quantifying interfacial interaction for advanced applications[2,4,11]. Spreading coefficient was used as a simple standard to make possible rough prediction of the morphology of ternary systems, but later interfacial free energy and the interfacial dynamic energy concepts has been proposed to enlarge the predictability realm in view of considering composition of blends[12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Poly(Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene) Block Copolymer on Thermomechanical Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Poly(Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene)/Polycarbonate Ternary Blends

Soltanolkottabi

Jazani

Shokoohi³

2020

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Ternary polymer blends based on polypropylene (PP)/poly(styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) (SEBS)/polycarbonate (PC) compatibilized through maleic anhydride‐grafted SEBS were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. Four different compositions in which the weight ratio of SEBS constituent was varied from 5% up to 30% were formulated in order to assess the relation between morphology and mechanical properties and SEBS/SEBS‐g‐MA weight ratio was set to be 1. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and mechanical properties measurements. Microscopic observation confirmed the formation of core‐shell droplets dispersed in the PP matrix in which the rubbery phase encapsulated PC droplets. Individual fibril‐like PC rods were also observed beside the encapsulations. Accordingly, impact resistance progressively improved (28.57‐fold at 30 wt% of SEBS) compared to neat PP while only 6.8% decrease was detected in the yield strength of this sample. SEM micrographs also showed that the population and size of the individual PC particles are higher in the samples containing 5 and 10 wt% of SEBS compared to those containing 20 and 30 wt%, which endow the former with higher chance of heterogeneous nucleation and correspondingly higher crystallization temperature confirmed by DSC results. Introduction of SEBS rubber phase intensified the elastic behavior of the blends supported by DMTA thermograms.

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Hopes Beyond PET Recycling: Environmentally Clean and Engineeringly Applicable

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review

Pyrolytic Conversion of Plastic Waste to Value-Added Products and Fuels: A Review

Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials

Effect of Poly(Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene) Block Copolymer on Thermomechanical Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Poly(Styrene‐Ethylene‐Butylene‐Styrene)/Polycarbonate Ternary Blends

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