Hopf bifurcation in a predator-prey model under fuzzy parameters involving prey refuge and fear effects
Xuyang Cao,
Qinglong Wang,
Jie Liu
Abstract:<p>In ecology, the most significant aspect is that the interactions between predators and prey are extremely complicated. Numerous experiments have shown that both direct predation and the fear induced in prey by the presence of predators lead to a reduction in prey density in predator-prey interactions. In addition, a suitable shelter can effectively stop predators from attacking as well as support the persistence of prey population. There has been less exploration of the effects of not only fear but al… Show more
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