“…This shows that the final trajectories of the Toda oscillators are asymptotically stable in the synchronous region, that is to say, there is a regular stable transmission between the oscillators, and the industrial productivity reaches the maximum. Thus far, the bifurcation phenomenon caused by coupled delay in nonlinear differential equations has been extensively studied, especially, the Hopf-zero bifurcation [1,2,4,5,18,[26][27][28][29], but no studies have been conducted on the Hopf-zero bifurcation of the ring unidirectionally coupled Toda oscillators with delay as we know today. Therefore, it is of great significance to probe into the Hopf-zero bifurcation of system (1).…”