Hopkins procedure for tunable magnification: surgical spectacles

Abstract

We analyze the use of two varifocal lenses, with fixed interlens separation, for achieving tunable magnification at a specific throw. Our discussion extends the Hopkins procedure circumscribed to the determination of fixed optical powers in a multilens system. We illustrate our results by presenting the Gaussian optics design of surgical spectacles, which have tunable magnification while generating virtual images with zero throw. We also report novel formulas describing this type of two-lens zoom system, which works without any mechanical compensation.

Tunable, Nonmechanical, Fractional Talbot Illuminators

“…Here, we describe the use of a pair of varifocal lenses to obtain a motionless version of the previous result. Our discussion closely follows our previous results on geometrical optics [21,22]. In Figure 2, we show that the master grating is now fixed at the distance z 0 .…”

“…Here, the varifocal lenses continuously scale the frequency of the master grating. We recognize that the proposed device does not alter the location of the source [21,22].…”

Talbot-Lau devices: a reappraisal

“…Here, we concentrate our discussions on a Gaussian design of a system for tuning the magnification of the Fourier spectrum of a grating. For the sake of completeness, we include some previously results that are not well-known (Mishra et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2019;Gómez-Sarabia and Ojeda-Castañeda, 2020a;Gómez-Sarabia and Ojeda-Castañeda, 2020b;Song et al, 2020;Gómez-Sarabia and Ojeda-Castañeda, 2021;Gómez-Sarabia and Ojeda-Castañeda, 2023b).…”